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Sleep–Wake Disorders
Published in Philip B. Gorelick, Fernando D. Testai, Graeme J. Hankey, Joanna M. Wardlaw, Hankey's Clinical Neurology, 2020
Margaret Kay-Stacey, Eunice Torres-Rivera, Phyllis C. Zee
Individuals with RBD have increased muscle tone during REM sleep and abnormal behaviors during REM (Figure 28.38). Commonly described dream enactment behaviors include talking, laughing, singing, punching, and kicking. Such behaviors can lead to patient or bed partner injury. Unlike sleep terrors, RBD is associated with vivid dream recall.
Freudian dream interpretation
Published in Frederick L. Coolidge, Ernest Hartmann, Dream Interpretation as a Psychotherapeutic Technique, 2018
Frederick L. Coolidge, Ernest Hartmann
It is also possible that REM incorporation of muscle atony may also explain the reports of alien abductions. Many seemingly normal people (other than their belief in UFOs) have reported being abducted by aliens. Their reports frequently contain either the story that they are in bed, paralyzed, or being examined by the aliens, or they have been abducted aboard a spaceship, are paralyzed or bound in some way, and are being examined by the aliens. It is possible that these people are simply fulfilling a wish by dreaming about aliens (which is their conscious belief), and at the same time, their sleep filters are trying to explain the muscle atony accompanying REM sleep. Thus, they dream they are paralyzed or bound. Also, this may account for why their reports seem so real and by any of the standard physiological measures of lying (like galvanic skin response), there is no indication that they are making up their stories. Certainly, their stories seem real! For certain, their stories are no less real than a vivid dream or nightmare, particularly the emotion or affect that is generated during the dream. We might argue with these reports and say, ‘but it was only a dream,’ but we should be careful about denying the strength of the emotion or affect. How silly we would be if we said, ‘but it was not real anxiety,’ or ‘it was not real fear.’
The Legal Aspects of Narcolepsy
Published in Meeta Goswami, Charles P. Pollak, Felissa L. Cohen, Michael J. Thorpy, Neil B. Kavey, Austin H. Kutscher, Jill C. Crabtree, Psychosocial Aspects of Narcolepsy, 2015
Clarence J. Sundram, Patricia W. Johnson
Narcolepsy1 is defined as recurrent, uncontrollable, brief episodes of sleep, often associated with hypnagogic hallucinations, cataplexy, and sleep paralysis.2 Hypnagogic hallucinations, which occur in 25-54 percent of narcoleptic persons, consist of a vivid dream-like state with false visual and auditory hallucinations.3 Cataplexy is a sudden loss of muscle tone, usually precipitated by emotional stimulation such as laughter, anger, or fear. Approximately 60 percent of patients with narcolepsy experience episodes of cataplexy.4 These episodes of cataplexy may last from a few seconds to as long as 30 minutes. Cataplexy is virtually pathognomonic or distinctively characteristic of narcolepsy, although its onset is often several years after symptoms of excessive sleepiness begin.5 Sleep paralysis can occur with sleep onset or awakening. The brain wakes up while the body remains in rapid eye movement sleep. Thus, the individual appears peacefully asleep but can actually be experiencing a frightening dream.6
Adaptive Experiential Theory of Hypnosis
Published in International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis, 2023
Cameron T. Alldredge, Gary R. Elkins
Our theory lends itself well to understanding hypnotic responding as an experiential process. Because of this, it can be assimilated to other ways that individuals commonly access the experiential system. For example, the experiential system is primary during dreams within sleep as it is predominantly this system that is processing and responding to the contents of the dream. Because the rational system is not as active during sleep, dreams are typically perceived as reality. Indeed, real physical reactions often occur during dreaming (e.g., crying in a sad dream, sweating and racing heart rate in a frightening dream, etc.) because the rational system is not active enough to deduce that the contents of the dream are not truly occurring. This is also prevalent during obscure and illogical dreams where the dreamer does not stop to question the impossibility of the experienced circumstances. The dreamer, through the lens of the experiential system, accepts most or all aspects of the dream and has real psychological and physiological reactions to it. It is common for individuals, upon awakening from a vivid dream, to feel somewhat confused or disoriented as the rational system regains dominance and works to make sense of the situation. This illustrates the difference between the two systems and provides a common example of adapting and switching between them. Simply stated, hypnosis is dreamlike in the sense that as the rational system is subdued, the experiential system processes hypnotic suggestions as real, which can lead to genuine emotional, cognitive, and physiological reactions or changes.
For the Little Queers: Imagining Queerness in “New” Queer Children’s Literature
Published in Journal of Homosexuality, 2019
Morris begins to feel better in the comfort of his conflict-free home. On Sunday morning he wakes from a vivid dream about a space adventure. In his dream wild animals make the sounds previously associated with the tangerine dress: “elephants swish, swish, swished,” “elephants ate giant leaves that crinkle, crinkle, crinkle, crinkled,” and “the buttons on the spaceship click, click, clicked.” Masculine images of wild animals and spaceships swirl through Morris’s dream, further destabilizing a reading of the dress as a clear signifier of femininity or effeminacy.
Neuro-Ophthalmic Literature Review
Published in Neuro-Ophthalmology, 2019
David Bellows, Noel Chan, John Chen, Hui-Chen Cheng, Rauan Kaiyrzhanov, Peter MacIntosh, Michael Vaphiades
This literature search reviewed patients with peduncular hallucinosis, a rare syndrome of vivid, dream-like visual hallucinations that intrude on normal wakefulness. Additional clinical deficits, especially ophthalmoparesis, have historically been an important part of the diagnosis and localization of this syndrome. The authors examined how modern neuroimaging has impacted this diagnosis.