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Tobacco Products
Published in Gia Merlo, Kathy Berra, Lifestyle Nursing, 2023
Nancy Houston Miller, Karen Laing
E-cigarette use was introduced in the United States in 2007 with and without regulation. By 2014, there were more than 460 brands and over 7,000 flavors. The original e-cigarette devices delivered much less nicotine than a traditional cigarette. The rate of absorption initially was rapid but slower than cigarette smoke. More recent devices have produced an acceleration of heart rate similar to smoking cigarettes with variable effects on blood pressure (Benowitz & Burbank, 2016). Currently, there are multiple ways to deliver and receive nicotine electronically. These include e-cigarettes, vapes, e-hookahs, vape pens, hookah pens, and mods that are customizable and more powerful vaporizers. Compounds in e-cigarette vapors are largely untested but may cause pulmonary injury and chronic inflammation, increasing cardiovascular disease risk (Benowitz & Burbank, 2016).
Gloves
Published in Robert N. Phalen, Howard I. Maibach, Protective Gloves for Occupational Use, 2023
Marie-Noëlle Crépy, Pierre Hoerner
The areas where flammable gases or vapors could be present shall be designed to properly control vapor concentrations outside explosive limits. A proper risk assessment should be performed to identify and properly assess each risk and put in place control measures. Explosion-proof equipment need to be used in environments where flammable vapors and gazes could be present in sufficient quantities to form explosive mixtures. Overall, the cost of acquisition of such equipment is higher than equipment for usage in a latex factory. Despite these limitations, there are currently several solution-dipping factories in operation, scaled for both niche or high-volume market applications.
Spices as Eco-friendly Microbicides: From Kitchen to Clinic
Published in Mahendra Rai, Chistiane M. Feitosa, Eco-Friendly Biobased Products Used in Microbial Diseases, 2022
China, India, Greece, Rome and Egypt have a rich history in the medicinal uses of spices and herbs. In the Indian system of medicine, spices and aromatics have a vital role as spices and condiments possess medicinal properties and have a profound effect on human health. Spices and condiments are the inevitable ingredients in most of the indigenous medicines and possess the property of curing several common ailments. Some of them can serve as powerful natural drugs like antibiotics, carminatives, antidepressants, analgesics, cholesterol reducers, sex stimulants, antihypertensive, diuretics, anti-inflammatory agents, blood vessel dilators and so on. Aromatherapy, using essential oils, relaxes or stimulates the body, creates positive moods, relieves cold symptoms and respiratory problems and eases muscle pain. The vapors are inhaled to release neurochemicals in the brain through receptors in the mouth and nose, which then cause the desired effects. Spices are also used as balms or massage oil and applied on the skin, joints and muscles to relieve stress and pain.
Electronic cigarette aerosol increases the risk of organ dysfunction by enhancing oxidative stress and inflammation
Published in Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 2022
Kedar N. Prasad, Stephen C. Bondy
Conflicting views of the tobacco industry with those of professional societies are marked (Bhatt et al., 2020). Two recent reviews concluded that while e-cigarette use is increasing, it much less harmful than tobacco smoking (Glasser et al.2017, Morjaria et al.2017). It is stated while ‘that some liquids and vapors contain potentially toxic constituents, but in far fewer numbers and at much lower or trace levels than found in smoke’ and that adverse health effects are “generally mild”. This optimistic perspective is based on relatively few long term studies and ignores the hazards of a growing proportion of the population addicted to nicotine. It is also in contrast to reports that e-cigarettes have a worse acute toxicity than regular cigarettes (Bhatt et al. 2020). The qualitive difference in composition between e-cigarettes and regular cigarettes needs to be considered as well as the relative content of those chemicals common to both.
Examining electronic nicotine delivery system use and perception of use among college students with and without asthma across the South
Published in Journal of American College Health, 2022
Linda Gibson-Young, Mary Martinasek, Nauris Tamulevicius, Molly Fortner, Abdullah M. Alanazi
The liquid components in ENDS have varying ranges of nicotine levels that range from non-nicotine to as high as 36 mg/ml. For comparison, traditional cigarettes have 8 to 20 mg/ml. Many brands have poor concordance to the label indications.34 The nicotine levels delivered depends on puffing duration and intensity, vaping technique and device characteristics.35 However, vapors do not introduce many of the contents of traditional cigarettes (such as tar, oxidant gases and carbon monoxide that have been found to contain), propylene glycol/glycerol as the main propellants that are likely the cause of respiratory irritation experienced by users. Additionally, the vapor from ENDS has been found to form known carcinogens such as formaldehyde and acetaldehyde and acrolein.11 Cherry flavored ENDS have been found to have benzaldehyde, which is a respiratory irritant while diacetyl, commonly found in sweet flavored vapors, have also been detected. Other harmful metals and compounds such as lead, tin, nickel, chromium arsenic, nitrosamine, have also been found in the vapors.36,37
Semi-quantitative health risk assessment of exposure to chemicals in an aluminum rolling mill
Published in International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 2021
Ashraf Sanjari, Reza Saeedi, Shokooh S. Khaloo
Chemicals have a lot of benefits in society and our life depends entirely on them [1]. At present, several thousand chemicals are used throughout the world [2], and neglecting safety precautions and their overuse will cause various risks to humans and the environment. Different kinds of chemical contaminants in the form of gases, vapors, suspended solids and liquid particulates exist in workplaces and each of them has certain risks. The harm caused by chemicals varies depending on the type of chemical, the entry route, the duration of exposure and their density. Excessive exposure to these substances in the workplace can lead to various toxicities and diseases [3,4]. Making a decision on controlling measures and staff protection against the harmful effects of chemical substances needs to include assessing the health risks due to exposure to these substances, since, without risk assessment, time and resources will be spent on lesser risks and the major and significant hazards would be neglected [5].