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The Eating Disordered Couple
Published in Len Sperry, Katherine Helm, Jon Carlson, The Disordered Couple, 2019
The Feeding and Eating Disorders section of the DSM-5 includes both Eating and Feeding Disorder diagnoses. These include six specific diagnoses: Pica, Rumination Disorder (RD), Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID), Anorexia Nervosa (AN), Bulimia Nervosa (BN), and Binge Eating Disorder (BED). Included are also two non-specific diagnoses: Other Specified Feeding or Eating Disorder (OSFED) and Unspecified Feeding or Eating Disorder (UFED).
Nutrition and eating disorders
Published in Joseph S. Sanfilippo, Eduardo Lara-Torre, Veronica Gomez-Lobo, Sanfilippo's Textbook of Pediatric and Adolescent GynecologySecond Edition, 2019
Diagnostic criteria were updated in 2013 with the release of the DSM-5. This update sought to improve the applicability and precision of ED diagnoses. The revised criteria for AN take into account expected weight and growth for children and adolescents and eliminated the amenorrhea criteria that excluded males, premenarchal females, and adolescents who remain eumenorrheic despite low body weight. In addition, although body image distortion remains a diagnostic criterion, AN can still be diagnosed if a patient persistently fails to recognize the seriousness of his or her low body weight even if he or she verbally acknowledges that he or she is too skinny. BN, which is characterized by recurrent episodes of binge eating accompanied by inappropriate compensatory behaviors, was updated to reduce the requirement of the frequency of these behaviors from three times per week to once per week for 3 months. In addition to updating the diagnostic criteria for AN and BN to better reflect patient presentations, several new eating disorder diagnoses were introduced. Binge eating disorder (BED) was formalized as an eating disorder, and avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) is a new diagnosis that represents a variety of restrictive eating behaviors, including swallowing phobias and aversions to specific textures that lead to impaired growth and significant social impairment. Other specified feeding and eating disorders (OSFED) is a group of other diagnoses, which includes atypical AN (in which patients have lost a significant amount of weight through restrictive and/or maladaptive eating patterns but remain within a normal or overweight BMI category), subthreshold bulimia nervosa, purging disorder, and night eating syndrome. The final category, unspecified feeding and eating disorder (UFED), comprises any other clinically significant EDs that do not fit into other specific eating disorders. Table 21.7 outlines the various diagnostic criteria for these disorders found in DSM-5.
“Devi Mangiare!” [You have to eat!]: Experiences of disordered eating among Italian-Australian women
Published in Health Care for Women International, 2022
Michelle Caruso, Nicole Moulding
Within the psycho-medical paradigm, disordered eating is classified into a system of mental disorders in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, with anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder the most well-known conditions (APA, 2013, pp. 338–350). However, most women who struggle with eating are understood to experience “sub threshold”, “mixed” or “atypical” disordered eating, which are captured under the classification of “Other Specified Feeding or Eating Disorder” or “Unspecified Feeding or Eating Disorder” (APA, 2013, pp. 353–354). Clinical classification of disordered eating as a mental illness has informed the treatment approaches of medical practitioners, psychiatrists and psychologists (Cassell & Gleaves, 2006, pp. vii–viii). This has usually involved an emphasis on the maintenance of a healthy weight, correction of “faulty” beliefs about weight and food, and resolution of psychological deficits such as weak identity and perfectionism (Moulding, 2006). The dominant psycho-medical paradigm of disordered eating therefore continues to be a medical one, and this informs both knowledge and practice. As a result, there has been little attention to contextualizing the disordered eating experiences of women from diverse cultural backgrounds, including how these cultural contexts frame and influence women’s experiences and the implications for practice.
Gender bias, other specified and unspecified feeding and eating disorders, and college students: a vignette study
Published in Eating Disorders, 2019
Eva Schoen, Rebecca Brock, Jennifer Hannon
Eating disorders are a serious mental health concern in young adults. On college campuses, 13.5% of women and 3.6% of men reported eating disorder symptoms (Eisenberg, Nicklett, Roeder, & Kirz, 2011), yet, there is a dearth of research on two common eating disorder categories for college students: Other Specified Feeding and Eating Disorder (OSFED) and Unspecified Feeding and Eating Disorder (UFED). According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.; DSM-5, American Psychiatric Association, 2013), OSFED/UFED are eating disorders that do not meet the criteria for symptom presentations in anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), or binge eating disorder (BED) but are nevertheless associated with significant impairment (Wagner, Stefano, Cicero, Latner, & Mond, 2016). A UFED diagnosis is used when it is not possible to differentiate the eating disorder. An OSFED diagnosis is used for a specific eating disorder that is not AN, BN, or BED, such as, purging disorder, orthorexia, or diabulimia. OSFED and UFED diagnoses are more prevalent than AN, BN, and BED diagnoses (Mancuso et al., 2015) and are the most common eating disorder diagnoses for college students (Schwitzer & Choate, 2015). All eating disorders have been subject to underdiagnosis and undertreatment for women and even more so for men (Strother, Lemberg, Chariese Stanford, & Turberville, 2012). The current study investigated mental health stigma and gendered perceptions of eating disorders as potential barriers in the recognition of OSFED/UFED symptoms in college students.
Prevalence of eating disorders and disordered eating in Western Asia: a systematic review and meta-Analysis
Published in Eating Disorders, 2022
Maryam Alfalahi, Sangeetha Mahadevan, Rola al Balushi, Moon Fai Chan, Muna Al Saadon, Samir Al-Adawi, M. Walid Qoronfleh
This meta-analysis included all the studies fulfilling the following characteristics: the studies (1) examined the magnitude of disordered eating/eating disorders; (2) used validated assessment tools; (3) had proper numerical details about prevalence sample size; (4) were written in English or Arabic. Review studies or those that employed the idiographic approach, duplicated studies, non-human studies, or studies that did not elucidate the prevalence rate of eating disorders were all excluded. Additionally, studies were excluded when they scored below the 90% cut-off point of the JBI guidelines. Articles were also excluded if they did not provide a proper prevalence measure of disordered eating or any of the 9 individual eating disorders classified by international nomenclature, namely the International Classification of Diseases (World Health Organization, 1992) and Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (American Psychiatric American Psychiatric Association, 2013; Association, 2000), i.e., Anorexia Nervosa (AN), Bulimia Nervosa (BN), Binge Eating Disorder (BED), Other Specified Feeding and Eating Disorder (OSFED), Pica, Rumination Disorder, Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID), Unspecified Feeding or Eating Disorder (UFED) or “Other” disorders such as Eating Disorder Not Otherwise Specified (EDNOS) (American Psychiatric Association, 1994). The existing literature in Western Asia appears to have focused predominantly on AN, BN, BED and the spectrum of disordered eating. The present meta-analysis and systematic review did not include OSFED, Pica, Rumination Disorder, and ARFID.