China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Learning to teach on the job
Published in Viv Cook, Caroline Daly, Mark Newman, Work-based Learning in Clinical Settings, 2021
Eraut et al.’s (Eraut, 2004; Eraut et al., 2005; Eraut and Hirsch, 2007) typology of ‘what’ is being learnt in the workplace avoids oversimplification by identifying 53 workplace learning trajectories in eight categories (seeTable 2.1). Eraut describes these trajectories as having authenticity in that they are ‘readily recognisable’ (2004, p.265) as products of work-based learning, based upon his previous research. The typology is offered as a research tool enabling investigators in the field to develop an understanding of learning trajectories in different professional contexts. The typology blends types of learning including skills, codified knowledge, dispositions and values. It encompasses a sense of the dynamic of work-based learning through the expectation that individuals will travel at different rates along these trajectories during their lives. In summary, the typology offers an open-ended exploratory tool originating from research on work-based learning that can be used to generate the form, colour and shape of the learning that may occur in different professional contexts.
The Temporal Body
Published in Roger Cooter, John Pickstone, Medicine in the Twentieth Century, 2020
By the late nineteenth century, the practice of medicine, particularly in hospitals, was primarily concerned with the identification and treatment of pathological lesions. As such, clinical medicine was little concerned with the age of the body beyond the likelihood of involutionary changes aiding the progress of the disease. But the identification of diseases characteristic of particular age groups enabled a new medical classification that differed from the atemporal nosography of organ system or pathological process. Life stage could join the various symptom indicators in the differential diagnosis: as the type of pain might distinguish respiratory from cardiac pathology, so too might the age of the patient. Thus it became possible to rearrange the medical typology of disease, previously based on underlying spatial lesion, into a temporal order in which, because of their respective probabilities, diseases could be assigned to children, adults and the old.
Diagnosing Tourette syndrome
Published in Carlotta Zanaboni Dina, Mauro Porta, James F. Leckman, Understanding Tourette Syndrome, 2019
Carlotta Zanaboni Dina, Mauro Porta
Tics may vary in relation with: Typology i.e. type of movement or of sound. Every movement or sound can become a tic.Complexity i.e. from a simple tic involving just one or two body parts at the same exact moment (e.g. eye blinking) to a pattern of tics involving many body parts at the same exact moment (e.g. eye blinking plus shoulder scrolling plus sniffing).Frequency i.e. from once a day tic to recurrent tics (=every few seconds).Intensity i.e. the same typology of tic (e.g. eye blinking) could be from slight to very marked.Interference i.e. the quantity of tic interference with other activities (e.g. homework).Social Impairment i.e. from an absence of discomfort to severe forms of isolation.
Histotyping and grading of endometriosis and its association with clinico-pathological parameters
Published in Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2022
Jyothika Litson, Rini Agnes, Gayatri Ravikumar
Endometriosis is a common condition in women in the reproductive age group. The literature on endometriosis is largely from those who present with symptoms of endometriosis. In the present study, we also found a substantial number of incidental endometriosis in women undergoing surgery for other gynecological problems. The mean age of women with incidental endometriosis was a decade older than those who presented with symptoms related to endometriosis. The mean age of patients was similar to that in literature (Abrao et al.2003). The incidental cases were limited to the adnexa and the symptomatology could probably be overlapping with those of the primary gynecological pathology. The most common clinical presentation of endometriosis in the present study was varying severity and manifestations of pain. Cyclical pain with urinary symptoms characteristic of endometriosis was the most common type followed by dysmenorrhoea. A study of pain typology by Schliep et al. (2015) showed a higher prevalence of chronic and cyclic pain in women with endometriosis than with other gynaecological disorders. However, we did not find any significant relationship between pain manifestation, location, and severity of endometriosis.
Personality Assessment in Legal Contexts: Introduction to the Special Issue
Published in Journal of Personality Assessment, 2022
Tess M.S. Neal, Martin Sellbom, Corine de Ruiter
We organize our commentary on the articles in this special issue based on the typology of assessment instruments used in forensic evaluation recommended by Otto and Heilbrun (2002). The typology distinguishes between (a) clinical measures and assessment techniques, (b) forensically relevant instruments, and (c) forensic assessment instruments. Clinical measures and assessments are psychological tests developed for evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment planning with clinical populations in therapeutic contexts, such as tools used to assess personality, intelligence, and psychopathology. These measures may help evaluate a person in the context of a legal issue by assessing particular clinical constructs like depression, anxiety, and personality features, but the clinical constructs do not relate directly to a legal issue. Forensically relevant instruments also measure clinical constructs, but with high relevance to legal issues, such as risk of violence, psychopathy, and the validity of response styles such as overreporting. Finally, forensic assessment instruments measure constructs that are directly relevant to specific legal questions, such as those that assess knowledge, abilities, or capacities defined by law (e.g., competence to stand trial, capacity to waive Miranda rights).
Typologies of Suicide: A Critical Literature Review
Published in Archives of Suicide Research, 2020
Jeffery Martin, Jessica M. LaCroix, Laura A. Novak, Marjan Ghahramanlou-Holloway
A typology is “a hierarchical system of categories used to organize objects according to their similarities and dissimilarities” (Mandara, 2003, p. 132). Typological research combines facets of quantitative, variable-oriented research and qualitative, case-oriented research. Typologies allow for the clustering of certain characteristics in order to make classifications about a group, while still recognizing unique, specific individual characteristics. Research on typologies considers the limitations of variable-oriented research, for instance, error due to within-group differences and lack of external validity inherent in case-oriented research (Mandara, 2003). Although typologies are typically used to classify similar entities based on particular characteristics, they also embrace the concept of equifinality, wherein different pathways may lead to the same outcome (Wagner, Silverman, & Martin, 2003). This allows typology research to identify patterns of group behavior both across and within time and situations, allowing for a greater of understanding of complex behaviors (Mandara, 2003).