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Smoking
Published in Vincenzo Berghella, Maternal-Fetal Evidence Based Guidelines, 2022
Jorge E. Tolosa, Niyazi Kilic, David M. Stamilio
Stages of change or feedback known as the transtheoretical model of behavior change assesses an individual's readiness to act on a new healthier behavior, and provides strategies, or processes of change to guide the individual through the stages of change to action and maintenance. It is composed of the following constructs: Stages of change, processes of change, self-efficacy, decisional balance and temptation; it has not shown benefit [6].
Health Promotion
Published in Rupa S. Valdez, Richard J. Holden, The Patient Factor, 2021
Although the continuum models (HBM, Theory of Planned Behavior, Social Cognitive Theory, and Protection Motivation Theory) each showed slightly different advantages to explain and predict different kinds of health promotion behaviors, they generally showed better success in explaining and predicting the formation of behavioral intentions and the adoption of certain health behaviors than stage models (such as vaccination uptake, medical tests, or exam use). However, the effectiveness of these models to predict long-term behavior change and habit formation has been mixed (such as in the cases of PA, diet change, treatment adherence). In contrast, the stage models (Transtheoretical Model and Health Action Process Approach) showed better success in addressing the intention–behavior gap, maintaining the behavior change, and supporting the formation of new habits. Despite different strengths, however, these two types of models are not exclusive. Stage models have adopted factors proposed in continuum models to explain and predict behavioral change processes (e.g. self-efficacy in Social Cognitive Theory, perceived severity and vulnerability of the threat in HBM and Protection Motivation Theory as risk perceptions, and subjective norm in Theory of Planned Behavior). Hence, depending on the kinds of health promotion behaviors and the goals of the patients (whether increasing motivations or adopting a new behavior), a combination of health promotion models may be useful in informing the design of sociotechnical solutions to promote preventive health behaviors.
Predicting Treatment Adherence: an Overview of Theoretical Models
Published in Lynn B. Myers, Kenny Midence, Adherence to Treatment in Medical Conditions, 2020
Several stage models of health behaviour have been proposed in which health behaviours occur as the result of several stages of cognition. The Transtheoretical Model or Stages of Change Model (TM, e.g. Prochaska and DiClemente, 1983) suggests that the maintenance of health behaviour occurs in five progressive stages of change: pre-contemplation, contemplation, preparation, action and maintenance. Precontemplation. In this stage the person is not even thinking of change, possibly because they are not even aware of the need, or they refuse to think about the risks, or they think they may not be capable of changing.Contemplation. This is defined as the stage at which the person is thinking about changing their behaviour, but is not yet committed.Preparation. The person intends to take action in the near future and is likely to have a clear plan of action.Action. Active attempts are made to change behaviours.Maintenance. This is the stage which is characterised by attempts to characterised prevent relapse.
From hearing aids to cochlear implants: The journey for private patients in New Zealand
Published in Cochlear Implants International, 2023
Valerie Looi, Natasha de Jongh, Rebecca Kelly-Campbell
Motivation was a recurring theme through the journey with ‘Not hearing well enough’ being the most commonly reported motivation to get a CI, and ‘own motivation’ being the most common ‘facilitator’ that helped them through the whole journey. Although a range of motivating factors contributed to participants’ decision to get a CI, for many there was a tipping point that sparked them into action. The authors have defined ‘tipping point’ to be an occurrence, realization or event/circumstance that acted as a catalyst for further action. For the majority, the day-to-day struggle with HL building up over time acted as their tipping point, but for some, the tipping point was more spontaneous. Prochaska and DiClemente’s (2005). Transtheoretical Model starts at precontemplation, progressing to contemplation and then preparation prior to action. The World Health Organisation’s motivational tools textbook (Tønnesen, 2012) discusses that in the contemplation phase, pros and cons are equal, but in the preparation stage, the pros outweigh the cons with individuals progressing to act when they perceive a favourable balance. Where, how, and how fast this balance shifts depends on the individual and their circumstances; for some it may be a gradual shift, but for others, they may be a ‘trigger’ that acts as their call to action. This is demonstrated by the findings in this study where for some, it is a culmination of factors and the ongoing struggle with HL that leads to action, whereas for others, there was a single occurrence/circumstance that acted as their trigger or tipped the con/pro balance to act.
Mental resilience in the context of alcohol use—a qualitative study in a tribal community in South India
Published in Journal of Ethnicity in Substance Abuse, 2023
Parvathy Valsala, Sriram Devanathan
The “wish/hope” toward abstinence of self/others is identified in multiple contexts in the study, which in turn reflects the possible optimistic perspective in the context of alcohol use in the community as in Masten and Barnes (2018). Amongst the female respondents, the perception toward alcohol could be one prominent resilience factor where almost all of them expressed dislike toward alcohol. Some disliked drinking since people drank and fought, abused spouses and kids, neglected family and caused drinking associated financial burden and neglect in family. Some of them disliked drinking from childhood and were unable to pinpoint the reason for their abstinence. Awareness and consciousness play a major role in resilient outcomes to alcohol consumption. Raising consciousness is one of the cognitive processes of change in the transtheoretical model of Prochaska et al. (1988) that leads to the cyclic stages of behavior change. In the transtheoretical model (Procheska & DiClemente, 1983), the stage of contemplation is characterized by identification of the behavior as problematic which in turn is associated with awareness of the problem. In several tribal communities in Southern India, the effect of awareness training on alcohol and substance abuse has resulted in increased knowledge levels on the impacts of alcohol and substance abuse (N. Pillai et al., 2018).
Contextual Factors’ Impact on the Reception of Substance Use Disorder Treatment Language: An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis
Published in Alcoholism Treatment Quarterly, 2022
Rebecca Lucero Jones, Stephen T. Fife, Jason T. Cravens
Although the present study primarily addressed language in treatment settings, the stage of the transtheoretical model called maintenance often occurs outside therapy (Prochaska et al., 1992). At this stage of their recovery, many participants reported no longer feeling compelled to talk about their SUD or struggling to find people with whom they could discuss their SUD and recovery. Participant 3 was the only participant to discuss how his family actively attended family groups. He noted that his family’s ability to use the language of recovery depended on his efforts to communicate: “My parents have made a real effort … but it also takes me telling them what my triggers are.” He went on to share how he and his loved ones learned ways to talk about his SUD: “And so that’s empowered them to talk to me in a way that I receive that.” This participant’s description of language during the maintenance phase suggests the importance of educating clients and their families to communicate effectively. His experience also demonstrates that each stage of change does not solely exist within the individual but requires interactions with others to help reinforce recovery. Together, these findings document how contextual factors affect the reception of language and language-based therapies, while also demonstrating the importance of examining experiences with stigmatized language to better understand barriers to care.