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Other uncommon psychiatric syndromes
Published in David Enoch, Basant K. Puri, Hadrian Ball, Uncommon Psychiatric Syndromes, 2020
David Enoch, Basant K. Puri, Hadrian Ball
Stockholm syndrome refers to the occurrence of a positive emotional bond or psychological alliance from a victim of a crime, such as being taken hostage or being abused, towards the perpetrator(s) of that crime; it is also known as “traumatic bonding,” “terror bonding” and Norrmalmstorgssyndromet (the “Norrmalmstorg syndrome”) (Eitinger and Weisaeth, 1980; Harnischmacher and Muther, 1987; Skurnik, 1988). It takes the name Stockholm syndrome after the following events that took place at the Sveriges Kreditbank, Norrmalmstorg Square, Stockholm in August 1973 (Strentz, 1980):During … 131 hours … four employees … were held hostage…. This particular hostage situation gained notoriety primarily because the electronic media exploited the fears of the victims as well as the sequence of events. Contrary to what had been expected, it was found that the victims feared the police more than they feared the robbers. In a telephone call to Prime Minister Olaf Palme, one of the hostages expressed these typical feelings of the group when she said, “The robbers are protecting us from the police.” Upon release, other hostages puzzled over their feelings: “Why don’t we hate the robbers?” … For weeks after this incident, and while under the care of psychiatrists, some of the hostages experienced the paradox of nightmares over the possible escape of the jailed subjects and yet felt no hatred for these abductors. In fact, they felt the subjects had given them their lives back and were emotionally indebted to them for their generosity.
Psychopathic Terrorists
Published in Raymond H. Hamden, Psychology of Terrorists, 2018
It is essential for the negotiator to build rapport with the terrorist, particularly if the situation involves targets being held as hostages. While the psychopathic terrorist holds no concern for his hostages, it is possible that he may display a charming persona toward them. Assessing for Stockholm syndrome is vital, especially if the cris is is drawn out for a long period of time, as it could increase the chances of hostages experiencing feelings of affection and trust for the terrorist. If hostages develop positive feelings toward the psychopathic terrorist, this can be dangerous and can interfere with the successful capture of the terrorist, as hostages with Stockholm syndrome may work with or even risk their own lives to help the terrorist. It is also important to keep in mind that since the psychopathic terrorist holds himself as his first priority, any threats of suicide over capture are more likely to be false than true.
Seeking Help
Published in Michele A. Finneran, Surviving Domestic Abuse, 2020
Acknowledgement of these common beliefs and behaviors can increase formal and informal supports’ willingness and understanding why victims feel like they cannot leave or do not desire to leave. Ultimately, this knowledge will increase the ability in how to help the victim. Stockholm Syndrome is described in a domestic abuse context as an unhealthy bond between the victim and the abuser. In terms of how the traumatic bonding between abuser and victim occurs, it essentially needs to be broken emotionally from the abusive ties for the victim’s livelihood and continued existence. It is a vicious cycle – the victim develops the unhealthy bond to survive in the abusive relationship, yet it prevents her from taking the necessary steps to end the abusive relationship. Many victims that experience Stockholm Syndrome progress through four stages of victimization by: minimizing the abuse, suppression of their own anger, dependent behavior on the abuser and rage and fear when separated from the abuser, which Walker (2016) coined as the “Battered Woman Syndrome.” For many victims, there is forced isolation and alienation from their informal supports by the abuser. Alternately, some victims do not experience forced isolation or alienation. However, the interpersonal skills, confidence and social relationships of the victims of domestic abuse are negatively impacted, thus making it hard for the victims to connect with people. The victims internally feel isolated and alienated as they carry around this secret because of how they believe others will perceive them. As a result, relationships with long-term friends or family are broken and victims tend to isolate themselves not only because of how they are being perceived, but also from the strict monitoring and overseeing of the abuser. This makes it extremely difficult for victims to seek help from formal and/or informal supports.
Recognising Narcissistic Abuse and the Implications for Mental Health Nursing Practice
Published in Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 2019
This has been compared to Stockholm Syndrome taken from experiences of kidnap victims, which pertains to victims who had experienced direct threats, were isolated, had opportunity to ‘escape’ while being held captive but did not, and showed sympathy with captors once no longer being held captive (Namnyak et al., 2008). Both trauma bonding and Stockholm syndrome are viewed as survival techniques because positive connections make the victim feel closer to the abuser and hence safer within the relationship they are attempting to survive within or recover from. This is one explanation to the question which asks why abuse victims stay within an abusive relationship; because both trauma bonding and Stockholm syndrome are viewed as psychological survival attempts.
Epo-Nots: issues with non-traditional eponyms
Published in Journal of Communication in Healthcare, 2020
Initially, both Stockholm Syndrome and River Ross Virus conveyed epidemiological information regarding their phenomena. At one point in time, the only documented case of Stockholm Syndrome was in Sweden, and the only cases of River Ross Virus were in Queensland. However, this uniformity was short lived, largely due to the nature of what they were attributed to. Whilst River Ross Virus is largely unique to a geographical region, Stockholm Syndrome is not [12]. Thus, there is a discrepancy in what River Ross means to its virus and what Stockholm means to its syndrome, with only the former conveying currently informative epidemiological content.
Female sexual desire: what helps, what hinders, and what women want
Published in Sexual and Relationship Therapy, 2021
Stefanie Sara Krasnow, Asa-Sophia Maglio
He couldn’t get a grasp on me having a life outside of our relationship. How are you going to feel sexual desire for someone that wants to cage you? There’s an actual term for that. ‘Stockholm Syndrome.’ Falling in love with someone that wants to cage you. Not interested. (Participant 1).