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Adolescents With Co-occurring Disorders
Published in Tricia L. Chandler, Fredrick Dombrowski, Tara G. Matthews, Co-occurring Mental Illness and Substance Use Disorders, 2022
Tricia L. Chandler, Fredrick Dombrowski
Social anxiety disorder (American Psychiatric Association, 2013, pp. 202–205) has been moved into the anxiety disorders category that include phobias and panic disorder due to the criteria of fear of social situations and negative evaluation. Additionally, criteria for the disorder include being afraid of being humiliated or embarrassed in interactions with peers as well as adults. The fears, anxiety, or avoidance becomes worse over time and persists in a variety of settings, with symptoms persisting for at least six months.
Phobias
Published in Judy Z. Koenigsberg, Anxiety Disorders, 2020
Symptoms of social anxiety disorder can include a broad range of fears, e.g., from speaking in front of others to eating and performing poorly in front of other individuals (Comer, 2015). This section concludes the portion on the etiology of integrated frameworks for social anxiety disorder (SAD). The next section discusses the connection between the development and maintenance of social anxiety disorder and integrated and unified treatment for social anxiety disorder (see Table 7.1).
Antianxiety Drugs
Published in Sahab Uddin, Rashid Mamunur, Advances in Neuropharmacology, 2020
Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is accompanied by the anxiety attacks in an individual in response to the social contexts and situations such that patients fear to interact with unfamiliar things and the people.
Post-Pandemic Psychosocial Issues
Published in Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 2023
Conversely, some have speculated that people already living with pre-pandemic social anxiety may have experienced a relief from their symptoms during the shutdown (Welch, 2022). Social anxiety disorder is a persistent, intense fear or anxiety about specific social situations, and avoidance of anxiety-producing social situations. For many people with social anxiety disorder, the pandemic was ideal for their disorder because it allowed them to avoid many settings and situations that caused them distress. The protocols of social distancing, remote learning, work and socialization were preferred. For those among the roughly 12% of Americans diagnosed with social anxiety disorder, fears go beyond a bit of trepidation, nervousness, or awkwardness (NIMH, n.d.). Instead, they may have faced debilitating anxiety symptoms whenever faced with the situations that caused fear. Now that vaccines are available and restrictions are being lifted, those who experience social anxiety are likely to have their anxiety hit a high point. Soon they will need to leave the comfort of home and go back out into the world that always caused so much anxiety and pain. Their social anxieties did not go away, but were temporarily put on hold, as they were not required to endure situations that cause them anxiety. These social fears have likely returned as they start to reemerge and they will be faced with similar challenges, if not more heightened anxiety, due to prolonged avoidance of social situations (Welch, 2022).
Social anxiety symptoms among youth with chronic health conditions: trajectories and related factors
Published in Disability and Rehabilitation, 2020
Janette McDougall, David J. DeWit, F. Virginia Wright
Reviews of environmental factors related to social anxiety disorder point to evidence that suggests parenting and the family environment factors may predispose children to the development of social anxiety [38,44,45]. Specifically, these reviews identify anxious behavioral modeling, critical, over-controlling and over-protective parenting styles, and insecure attachment quality as key risk factors for social anxiety disorder related to the interactions in the home environment. Still, as the meta-analytic review of twin data [43] indicates, parenting is just one potential environmental risk factor. Other environmental factors that have been linked to the development of social anxiety disorder include negative or traumatic life experiences, aversive social experiences, and societal and cultural factors [44,45]. In particular, evidence indicates peer victimization may the strongest risk factor [45]. Cross-sectional studies consistently report social anxiety to be positively associated with negative peer interactions, social exclusion, fewer friends and difficulty making new friends [46–48]. At the same time, positive interpersonal relations, such as high peer social support and acceptance have been associated with lower levels of social anxiety [49–51].
The Association of Rumination and Perfectionism to Social Anxiety
Published in Psychiatry, 2019
Social anxiety has a significant influence on social interactions, and it may trigger mental health problems in adolescents (Abdollahi, Abu Talib, Reza Vakili Mobarakeh, Momtaz, & Kavian Mobarake, 2016). Social anxiety is the constant fear of being negatively evaluated by others during interactions, along with worries about making mistakes and concerns about being embarrassed (Hinrichsen, Wright, Waller, & Meyer, 2003). Symptoms of social anxiety are often associated with physical and psychological characteristics such as difficulty speaking, shaky voice, heart palpitations, perspiration, and lack of focus or concentration (Stjerneklar, Hougaard, Nielsen, Gaardsvig, & Thastum, 2018). These symptoms are often seen in social anxiety disorder (Stjerneklar et al., 2018). Although it is difficult to determine the prevalence of social anxiety among Malaysian university students, a Malaysian study reported the prevalence of symptoms of social anxiety in university students to be around 35%, as indicated by a Social Phobia Inventory score of 20 or higher (Azhar, Gill, & Sulaiman, 2017). Therefore, it is imperative to understand the factors related to symptoms of social anxiety in university students, which can consequently help organize intervention and prevention programs among university students.