China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Separation Anxiety Disorder (SAD) and Adult Separation Anxiety Disorder (ASAD)
Published in Judy Z. Koenigsberg, Anxiety Disorders, 2020
Symptoms of separation anxiety disorder include chronic distress when an individual separates from home or from primary attachment persons (APA, 2013). Individuals with separation anxiety disorder may be afraid to be by themselves or without their primary attachment persons either when they are at home or when they are in other settings (Carmassi et al., 2015). Children with symptoms of separation anxiety disorder frequently display behaviors that are disruptive or avoidant that disturb their own academic and social development as well as the daily life of the family unit (Pincus, Santucci, Ehrenreich, & Eyberg, 2008). Children with separation anxiety disorder frequently refuse to attend school, and, generally, do not participate in age appropriate activities such as birthday parties and sleepovers (Doobay, 2008; Kapalka & Peters, 2013). They tend to report somatic symptoms such as nausea and stomach pains more frequently than do children with phobias (Last, 1991). Reports of somatic symptoms suggest avoidance or physiological distress, and these children may find it hard to sleep in the absence of a parent as well (Albano, Chorpita, & Barlow, 1996; Black, 1995; Tonge, 1994;). Whereas, generally, the attachment figures of children with separation anxiety disorder are their parents, and symptoms include school refusal, tantrums, and crying, the attachment figures of adults are a child or a spouse, and symptoms include repeated attempts to stay in close contact even when not practical (Pini et al., 2010; Rochester & Baldwin, 2015).
School refusal
Published in MS Thambirajah, Case Studies in Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 2018
Separation anxiety disorder is characterised by developmentally inappropriate and excessive anxiety upon separation or anticipation of separation from home or those to whom the child is attached. The hallmark of the disorder is extreme fear and distress at the time (or in anticipation) of separation from the mother. School refusal is a prominent feature of the disorder in middle childhood. In young children with the disorder clingy behaviour is common. Often they follow the mother everywhere in the house (‘shadowing’). They have a fear of sleeping alone and come up with various excuses to sleep in the parent’s bed or get the mother to come to their room. In middle childhood they are unwilling to sleep away from home. They may express fears of getting kidnapped or getting killed. They worry about the safety of the mother or some harm befalling her. When anticipating separation from the mother, they may plead, throw tantrums, threaten self-harm or become aggressive. The main features of the disorder are summarised in Box 3.1.
Case 84: She is so clingy. It’s like having a shadow
Published in Barry Wright, Subodh Dave, Nisha Dogra, 100 Cases in Psychiatry, 2017
Barry Wright, Subodh Dave, Nisha Dogra
It is likely that there may be a strong family history of anxiety and/or mood disorders. Children with separation anxiety disorder are at greater risk of developing mood disorders and other anxiety disorders such as panic disorder, social phobia and/or agoraphobia in later life. Separation anxiety is developmentally normal from about 7–9 months of age and declines with time, but separation anxiety disorder goes on for longer and can interfere with social functioning. It can be understood from an attachment theory perspective.
Caregiver’s reports of their children’s psychological symptoms after the start of the COVID-19 pandemic and caregiver’s perceived stress in Turkey
Published in Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, 2022
Ahmet Büber, Merve Aktaş Terzioğlu
The results of the regression for depressive disorder-related symptoms indicate that the model explained 0.14 of the variance and that the model was significant, F(6,1790) = 49.323, p<.001. We found that psychiatric disorders, not seeing relatives, having a COVID-related health-worker parent, and PSS scores were significantly correlated with depressive disorder-related symptoms (p < 0.05) (Table 6). The results of the regression for generalized anxiety disorder-related symptoms indicated that the model explained 0.13 of the variance and that the model was significant, F(6,1790) = 45.571, p<.001. We found that psychiatric disorders, not seeing relatives, having a COVID-related health-worker parent, and PSS scores were significantly correlated with generalized anxiety disorder-related symptoms (p < 0.05) (Table 7). The results of the regression for separation anxiety disorder-related symptoms indicated that the model explained 0.09 of the variance and that the model was significant, F(6,1790) = 31.427, p<.001. We found that gender, chronic illnesses, psychiatric disorders, not seeing relatives, having a COVID-related health-worker parent, and PSS scores were significantly correlated with separation anxiety disorder-related symptoms (p < 0.05) (Table 8).
Emotional and cognitive conflict resolution and disruptive mood dysregulation disorder in adolescent offspring of parents diagnosed with major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, and matched healthy controls
Published in Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, 2021
Zehra Topal, Nuran Demir, Evren Tufan, Taha Can Tuman, Bengi Semerci
The most common diagnoses among our sample of adolescents were ADHD, separation anxiety, and oppositional defiant disorder. All tended to be more common among high-risk offspring without significant differences among MDD and BD. Recent studies suggest that oppositionality and thought problems may be elevated among BDoff while anxiety may be elevated in both BDoff and MDDoff [56]. Also, some of the anxiety disorders may form a prodrome of BP [57]. The relationship between ADHD, disruptive behavior disorders, anxiety disorders and mood disorders is well known, but the number of studies conducted specifically for separation anxiety disorder (SepAD) is very few [58]. The rates of SepAD co-morbidity were found to be 61.7% in mood disorders, 40.8% in major depression and 19.4% in BD [59]. Patients with BD and comorbid SepAD may have an earlier age of onset [60]. Previous studies conducted among offspring of Turkish parents with mood disorders found that ADHD and anxiety disorders were the most common diagnoses [61,62]. Rates of ADHD and anxiety disorders (including SepAD) in those studies varied between 5.7 and 29.4% and 5.7 and 19.4%, respectively. In this study, separation anxiety disorder was one of the most common disorders in high-risk adolescents for mood disorders, but no significant difference was found between MDDoff and BDoff.
Validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the DSM-5 Separation Anxiety Disorder Severity Scale–child form
Published in Psychiatry and Clinical Psychopharmacology, 2019
Şermin Yalın Sapmaz, Handan Özek Erkuran, Masum Öztürk, Dilek Ergin, Nesrin Şen Celasin, Duygu Karaarslan, Ertuğrul Köroğlu, Ömer Aydemir
Separation anxiety disorder (SAD) is an intense and extreme anxiety and fear that is felt by an individual within the context of him/her separating from the people he/she is emotionally attached to, which is developmentally inappropriate and lasts for at least 4 weeks. It is common that the child feels he/she will lose his/her main attachment figures, an overt, extreme, and continuous fear of experiencing some trouble or a situation that might trigger an unexpected and undesired separation from these figures, unwillingness to attend school or to go to other places due to fear of separation, avoidance of being alone at home or outside or being in situations where he/she has to be separate from his/her main attachment figures, continuous nightmares about the issue of separation, and a reluctance to go to sleep without one of his/her main attachment figures present at his/her side. Somatic symptoms frequently accompany the clinical course within the context of separation [1].