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Attachment
Published in Mary Nolan, Shona Gore, Contemporary Issues in Perinatal Education, 2023
There is more to attachment than initially meets the eye. Attachment starts from being a matter of closeness and protection. In humans, though, physical closeness coincides with mental closeness which in turn leads to language and personality development, making this synergistic evolutionary programming a power source for a wide swathe of human attributes and achievements. ‘Our most distinctive and important human abilities – our capacities for learning, invention, and innovation, and for tradition, culture, and morality – are rooted in relationships between parents and children’ (Gopnik, 2016:22). A major selective advantage that attachment conferred on homo sapiens was ‘the opportunity it afforded for the development of social intelligence and meaning-making’ (Fonagy et al., 2002:124) and thus the creation of culture that functions as a collective memory. Attachment dynamics have a far wider remit in humans than any other species. Just as the basic biological dynamic of attachment is behind wider aspects of personal and social awareness, so does attachment theory and research draw upon and lead into many different disciplines. Staying close to the one you love is the beginning of a lot of possibilities.
Attachment Theory
Published in Cathy Laver-Bradbury, Margaret J.J. Thompson, Christopher Gale, Christine M. Hooper, Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 2021
Attachment theory refers to a constellation of ideas about emotional development that emphasise the importance of the relationship between an infant and their primary caregiver. This theoretical framework has proved susceptible to empirical experimentation, and this has permitted its development within mainstream scientific parameters. It has illuminated several aspects of early emotional development, namely, how emotions are socialised, how they are expressed and how communication of emotions is made acceptable.
Why sense of safety? A strengths-based approach to the whole
Published in Johanna Lynch, A Whole Person Approach to Wellbeing, 2020
Attachment theory is already used by consultant liaison psychiatrists who focus their care on increasing ‘felt security’ of their distressed inpatients (Maunder and Hunter 2016, 10). The trauma-informed clinical process of maintaining a ‘therapeutic window’ (Briere 2002) makes the clinical encounter safe enough so that the person can ‘feel without resorting to defences’ (Courtois 2004, 421). The current trauma-informed guidelines reinforce that priority: ‘facilitate patient safety at all times’ (Kezelman and Stavropoulos 2019, 34) based on Christine Courtois’ assertion that the ‘first order of treatment is to establish conditions of safety to the fullest extent possible’ (Courtois and Ford 2009, 91).
The Moderating Role of Insecure Attachments on the Relationship between Controlling Behaviors and Violence Perpetration in Intimate Relationships
Published in Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 2023
Soojeong Kim, Sihyun Park, Jane D. Champion
This study was meaningful in that it examined the role of individual factors on the dynamics of IPV within a specific cultural context. Moreover, our findings strengthen the internal working model theory that the trust and beliefs of individuals internalized from their childhood relationship with their primary caregiver are likely to persist throughout their life and affect further lifetime social relationships (Bowlby, 1980). Nonetheless, further studies are needed to validate our findings as there has been no consensus regarding evidence when explaining IPV phenomena within attachment perspectives. Further, attachment insecurity has been often understood based on the sociocultural context—according to Rothbaum et al. (2000), attachment theory is not culturally universal since it was constructed based on a Western view point. However, there is a lack of evidence to fully understand the characteristics of insecure attachment in the Korean male population and its effect on partner violence in the cultural context. Therefore, additional research is needed to define Korean specific characteristics of attachment styles and to provide evidence for IPV prevention and treatment programs based on the attachment theory.
Contemporary Applications of Attachment Theory: A Review of The Cultural Nature of Attachment: Contextualizing Relationships and Development
Published in Psychiatry, 2023
Christin M. Ogle, Stephen J. Cozza
In summary, these three contemporary issues illustrate the continued relevance of attachment theory for understanding the impact of social policies and clinical practices on the health and development of children, and the importance of expanding the cultural lens with which we apply the theory. Individuals charged with developing policies, clinical care standards, and services that affect young children and families will be advantaged by an understanding of the foundational principles of attachment theory and its implications for child development that is provided by The Cultural Nature of Attachment: Contextualizing Relationships and Development. Researchers, clinicians, and other scholars who are inspired to think more deeply about the cultural diversity of attachment relationships and their evolutionary functions will also benefit from reading Keller and Bard’s expansive, thought-provoking volume.
Understanding attachment in homeless adolescents and emerging adults with pets
Published in Journal of Social Distress and Homelessness, 2023
Mary Hartsell, Tara Rava Zolnikov
Without a protective physical environment or an emotionally present caregiver to consistently provide love or comfort, a child can experience negative developmental outcomes (e.g. high rates of emotional, cognitive, and physical health problems) that also forms in an insecure attachment (Easterbrooks & Graham, 1999; Garcia Coll et al., 1998; Smolen, 2003). The responses to the questions may have indicated that the participants all had developed a form of insecure or withdrawn type of attachment style (Ainsworth, 1978). Attachment styles also may have presented as either anxious or avoidant (Ainsworth, 1978). Participants in this study often described how they did not trust people and preferred to be alone. This is congruent with avoidant attachment outcomes, where children who suffer from insecure attachment have maladaptive social and emotional bonding to people (Howes & Ritchie, 1999). Children with insecure attachment styles have reduced capabilities for reliability, trust, and safety in relationships (Ainsworth, 1978; Bretherton, 1992; Bowlby, 1979; David et al., 2012). Attachment theory provides an applicable foundation for describing later developmental outcomes (e.g. adolescents and emerging adulthood) as a result of dysfunctional relationships that arose during childhood (Ainsworth, 1978; Bowlby, 1979). The findings were consistent with the literature as infants with insecure attachment styles reacted with either anger or ambivalence towards their mothers or primary caregivers (Bretherton, 1992).