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Maternal–infant attachment
Published in Chang Amy, Caroline Squire, The Social Context of Birth, 2017
It is believed that parents’ own attachment experiences in childhood influence their internal model of attachment as adults, which in turn influences whether their infant develops a secure or insecure attachment relationship with them (Bowlby 1988). A study by Fonagy, et al. (1991) of 100 women showed that the mother’s account of her childhood may be an indicator of subsequent attachment behaviour with her own children. Steele, et al. (1996) interviewed mothers during pregnancy about their childhood attachment and were able to predict quite accurately which mothers would have an insecurely attached child 15 months later. Brazelton and Cramer (1991) suggest that mothers can tolerate the tremendous selfishness of babies because, in caring for them, they are vicariously satisfying their own selfish needs and wishes, and that these energise a woman’s capacity to mother and nurture and set the stage for attachment to the baby.
Maternal–infant attachment
Published in Caroline Squire, The Social Context of Birth, 2017
It is believed that parents’ own attachment experiences in childhood influence their internal model of attachment as adults, which in turn influences whether their infant develops a secure or insecure attachment relationship with them (Bowlby 1988). A study by Fonagy et al. (1991) of 100 women showed that the mother’s account of her childhood may be an indicator of subsequent attachment behaviour with her own children. Steele et al. (1996) interviewed mothers during pregnancy about their childhood attachment and were able to predict quite accurately which mothers would have an insecurely attached child 15 months later.
Personality Disorders
Published in John C. Gunn, Pamela J. Taylor, Forensic Psychiatry, 2014
Pamela J Taylor, Conor Duggan, Andrew Hider, Tony Maden, Estelle Moore, Pamela J Taylor, Ron Blackburn, John Gunn, Jonathan Hill, David Mawson, Paul Mullen
Bowlby (1944) was probably the first to propose a relationship between early disorders of attachment and crime, founded in his observations of the family life of young thieves attending a child guidance clinic. He went on to extensive observations of infants with their primary caretakers, most often their mothers. He postulated that attachment bonds were formed during the first year of life, healthy attachments serving to protect the vulnerable infant and safeguard its development and survival (Bowlby, 1969, 1973, 1980). Disruption of these bonds for any reason would leave the infant in a painful affective state which could predispose to later sustained psychopathology, in particular sustained difficulties in regulating affect. Ainsworth extended ethological study of children with their parents, drawing attention to the importance both of the main caregiver’s capacities and patterns in the child’s attachment behaviours to the development of secure bonding (e.g. Ainsworth and Wittig, 1969). Contributions to the attachment process thus come on the one hand from the main caregiver’s capacity for internalization of the mental state of the child, and thus their sensitivity to emotional signals from the child and ability to respond appropriately, and on the other from the child’s ability to seek their caregiver, communicate distress and be sufficiently reassured to resume exploratory play. Next steps were to apply infant models of attachment to adults (e.g. Main et al., 1985). This is dealt with more fully in chapter 28, albeit there in relation to post-traumatic stress disorder.
Insecure Attachment as a Risk Factor for the Development of Anxiety and Depression Symptoms in a Sample of Mexican Adults
Published in Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 2021
Francisco Javier Rosas Santiago, Ma. Luisa Marván Garduño, Rosa Dianeth Hernández-Aguilera, Yolanda Campos Uscanga
CAMIR is a self-report questionnaire designed to access internal working models in adults. The questions explore the current appraisal of the person about bonding relationships in childhood and the characteristics of the interpersonal exchange system in their current family environment. It consists of 71 five-point Likert type items (from 1-completely true to 5-completely false), with the following factors, according to the predominant attachment style in adults: a) secure, b) avoidant and c) anxious. The Cronbach’s Alphas in the current study were .81, .86 and .83 respectively. This instrument has been used to assess attachment in adults in research carried out in various countries such as Belgium (Roskam et al., 2011), Spain (Lacasa et al., 2015), Switzerland (Pierrehumbert et al., 2002), Chile (Araneda et al., 2010) and France (Delannes et al., 2006), among others.
Whispering Hypnosis: Phylogenetically Programmed Behavior and a Pluralistic Understanding of Hypnosis
Published in American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis, 2020
During classical hypnosis, the patient’s state of increased vulnerability is then met with nurturing behavior, such as suggestions for relaxation, ego-strengthening, or pleasant imagery. The result is an intensification of rapport and feelings of special intimacy or attachment. The instinct that has been utilized is social herding behavior, which includes a submissive response in which one animal displays its vulnerable areas to another. This action triggers attachment formation in non-human animals if the contact is nurturing, such as stroking or grooming. This helps communicate to the animal that the handler is behaving in ways that mimic a protective herd member and not a predator (Roberts, 1996). Interestingly, the same basic dynamics underly human interactions that lead to secure attachment in adults (Mikulincer, Shaver, & Pereg, 2003).
Relationship between attachment and executive dysfunction in the homeless
Published in Social Work in Health Care, 2018
José M Rodríguez-Pellejero, Juan L Núñez
Attachment was evaluated with the Spanish adaptation of Relationship Questionnaire (RQ; Yárnoz-Yaben & Comino, 2011). This questionnaire provides continuous and categorical measures. Four paragraphs that describe each relationship or attachment style were presented to the participants (i.e., secure, dismissive–avoidant, preoccupied, and fearful–avoidant), who indicated which one best described the way they related affectively. Subsequently, each individual rated on a 7-point Likert scale the extent to which they identified with each paragraph. Leak and Parsons (2001) have shown that, among the more extended measures that assess attachment in adults, the RQ is the only one that is not sensitive to bias of self-deception.