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Personality
Published in Albert A. Kurland, S. Joseph Mulé, Psychiatric Aspects of Opiate Dependence, 2019
Albert A. Kurland, S. Joseph Mulé
Adding to the complexities are the interrelation of personality and environment and their psychological implications. Learning theory has also increasingly contributed to the theoretical considerations which influence the choices and course of the individual. There is also the question of motivation, its basis, and the influences that bring about change. The power of motivation is dramatically expressed in the sequential behavior involved in the procurement, preparation, and administration of a drug by addicts. These sequences of drug-seeking and drug-taking behavior are maintained by a combination of the intrinsic pharmacological properties of addictive drugs with environmental factors, such as the schedule of reinforcement, relating the addict’s behavior to consequent administration of a drug. Part of this combination is the regular and predictable occurrence of environmental stimuli in association with these sequences of behavior and with consequent administrations of the drug. At the same time, the controversies and uncertainties that prevail as attempts are made to interpret the behavior or relate it to the personality are perhaps best expressed in the words of Roger E. Meyer:2
Psychology and Human Development EMIs
Published in Michael Reilly, Bangaru Raju, Extended Matching Items for the MRCPsych Part 1, 2018
Each option may be used once, more than once or not at all.A 40-year-old woman in a psychiatric hospital spent all her waking hours sitting in one particular chair. She rarely interacted with other people. The hospital staff shaped her behaviour to spend more time in social interactions by permitting her to sit in her favourite chair only after spending a specified amount of time with others.Using the above terms, answer the following questions as to how behaviour theory relates to this scenario.Which principle has this reinforcing procedure followed?Based on that principle, which is the high-probability behaviour that the woman performs?The intervention selected is based on which concept of learning theory?Is it correct that in order for the high-probability behaviour to reinforce the low-probability behaviour, the high-frequency behaviour must be pleasurable?
Health promotion teaching: some examples of sessions and programmes
Published in Ann Wylie, Tangerine Holt, Amanda Howe, Health Promotion in Medical Education, 2018
Tangerine Holt, Ann Wylie, Albert Lee, Elizabeth Garland, Richard Bordowitz, Craig Hassed, Max de Courten, Dragan Ilic
From a health promotion curriculum point of view this becomes more critical as the medical education fraternity are beginning to recognise their professional social responsibility to meet the healthcare needs of the community. The developments in learning theory and the content shift in medical education from detailed to essential knowledge embedded in the context of the patients’ lives is evidenced by accreditation requirements, guidelines and frameworks developed by the Australian Medical Council, the Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC), the British General Medical Council, CanMeds Framework, and in Bergen, the European Union, via the Bologna Process.
Augmented Resuscitation- simulacrum of AR
Published in Journal of Visual Communication in Medicine, 2023
Immersive technology in the pursuit of healthcare education is a rapidly expanding field of implementation and research (Jacobs et al., 2022; Tang et al., 2020). COVID-19 pandemic acted as a catalyst for healthcare teams to consider the positioning of these tools in education and begin to integrate them. Whereby a remote participant can interact with others and see what a healthcare professional (HCP) sees. (Swann & Jacobs, 2021) There is a range of devices that can facilitate this broadcast, from a webcam at the simplest end of spectrum, to an augmented reality (AR) headset, such as, Microsoft HoloLens 2 that overlays additional media into the wearers visual field for all to see.(Bala et al., 2021) Learning theory attempts to explain how we might learn from these experiences and numerous models exist. (Suh & Prophet, 2018)
Interventions to prevent road traffic injuries among pedestrians: a systematic review
Published in International Journal of Injury Control and Safety Promotion, 2022
Forouzan Rezapur-Shahkolai, Maryam Afshari, Amin Doosti-Irani, Saeed Bashirian, Shahnaz Maleki
Our findings also showed that the majority of studies did not use related models and theories on RTIs among pedestrians. Theories and models were used in only three studies. Two studies used active learning theory (Zare et al., 2018, 2019), and one study used the health belief model (Rezapur-Shahkolai et al., 2017). In these studies, the street crossing behavior in pedestrians was significantly improved after the intervention. It is expected that the use of theories and models can be effective as a framework in designing educational programs to enhance traffic injury prevention behaviors in pedestrians. The effectiveness of health education programs depends on the correct use of the theories and models used in health education. An educational model plays an important role in identifying and meeting educational needs (Glanz et al., 2008). The main concepts in behavioral and social sciences are organized in the form of theories. Theories help us to determine hypotheses and assumptions about the strategies and objectives of interventions (Sharma, 2021).
Future projection therapy: Techniques and case examples
Published in American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis, 2022
Joseph Tramontana, Anna Sharkey, Savannah Hays
In the 1960s, behavioral therapies such as Behavior Modification became popular. Behavior therapy was based on the concepts of learning theory. The tenet is that there is the acquisition of a functional connection between an environmental stimulus and a subject’s response. In classical conditioning (Pavlovian or respondent) a stimulus elicits a response, and the subject emitting the response to the situation alters its frequency of occurrence in the future by congruity. In operant conditioning, reinforcement of the emitted response leads to learning desired responses. Skinner’s book About Behaviorism (1974) gave a good description of what was called the science of behavior. Eysenck (1960) gives a comprehensive review of behavioral approaches in treating neuroses, and Ullmann and Krasner (1966) edited a book titled Case studies in behavior modification which shows how behavioral approaches can be used to change behaviors with many other clinical issues.