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Neuroinfectious Diseases
Published in Philip B. Gorelick, Fernando D. Testai, Graeme J. Hankey, Joanna M. Wardlaw, Hankey's Clinical Neurology, 2020
Jeremy D. Young, Jesica A. Herrick, Scott Borgetti
Initially, the symptoms of rabies resemble those of other systemic viral infections, with fevers, chills, headache, sore throat, nausea, anorexia, and malaise. Pain or paresthesias at the site of inoculation may be the only early neurologic symptoms. This prodrome typically lasts less than 1 week.
Bacteria Causing Gastrointestinal Infections
Published in K. Balamurugan, U. Prithika, Pocket Guide to Bacterial Infections, 2019
B. Vinoth, M. Krishna Raja, B. Agieshkumar
The incubation period is 1–3 days and can extend up to 10 days. The illness typically present with acute onset abdominal pain and diarrhea. The pain is colic and periumbilical. Diarrhea is the most common symptom of Campylobacter and is seen in almost 90% of cases. It is bloody in 50% of cases, and the frequency may be up to 10 or more times a day. Prodromal illness is seen in one-third of cases, usually lasting 1–3 days before the onset of abdominal pain and diarrhea and includes fever with rigors, headache, dizziness, myalgia, lassitude, anorexia, and vomiting. Patients with prodrome have a more severe illness. The illness is usually self-limited, and patients recover within 7 days with a mortality as low as less than 0.1%. Relapses are seen in 25% of the cases.
Neurology: peripheral nerves
Published in Shahed Yousaf, Medical Examination Made Memorable (MEMM), 2018
Simple faints can be secondary to pain or fear and occur when the patient is standing or occasionally when sitting. Prodrome involves feeling hot, nauseous, weak and light-headed and the patient may appear pale and sweaty. There may be myoclonic jerks but incontinence is rare and recovery is rapid and without amnesia. LOC is due to peripheral vasodilatation and reciprocal hypotension.
Association of TNF-α G-308 a Promoter Polymorphism with the Course and Outcome of COVID-19 Patients
Published in Immunological Investigations, 2022
Ahmed Saleh, Ahmed Sultan, Mohamed A Elashry, Ahmed Farag, Metwaly Ibrahim Mortada, Mayada A Ghannam, Ahmed M Saed, Elsayed Ghoneem
Smoker or not.Presence of comorbidities as diabetes, hypertension, cardiac troubles (ischemic or valvular heart diseases), chronic kidney, or liver disease.History of contact with patients with COVID-19 or method in which infection was contracted if it is known.Prodromal symptoms and severity of the disease.Fever, pattern, and level.
A systematic review of morbidities suggestive of the multiple sclerosis prodrome
Published in Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics, 2020
Fardowsa L.A. Yusuf, Bryan C. Ng, José M.A. Wijnands, Elaine Kingwell, Ruth Ann Marrie, Helen Tremlett
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated inflammatory and degenerative disease of the central nervous system (CNS). Its etiology is unknown, but likely multifactorial, with genetic and environmental risk factors jointly implicated [1]. The first presentations of MS symptoms often include optic neuritis, spinal cord and brainstem syndromes [2]. Globally, the average age of MS onset is 30 years [3], however, subtle symptoms can predate recognized MS clinical onset during a period termed the prodrome [4–8]. A prodrome is a phase of nonspecific symptoms preceding the onset of characteristic symptoms of the fully developed illness [9]. By definition, one might expect the MS prodrome to follow the asymptomatic phase of MS coined the radiologically isolated syndrome (RIS) [10]. However, overlap is likely, with prodromal features present even in people with RIS [11]. Afterall, RIS is often identified after certain symptom(s) (e.g. migraine) prompt an MRI [12].
Effect of an Online Hypnosis Intervention in Reducing Migraine Symptoms: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Published in International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis, 2019
Four stages of a migraine episode have been identified by the IHS including the prodrome stage, which has been defined as “symptoms with insidious onset, which last several hours and affect mood, behaviour, wakefulness, gut motility or fluid balance” (Blau, 1980, p. 659). Prodromes can cause changes in mood, and the patient may experience very high or very low energy levels. Food cravings can be quite intense. Aura, which is stage two, can take the form of auditory, sensory, tactile, or visual phenomena. It is common to see flashing lights or zigzag lines if visual hallucinations are present. In migraine stage three, there is a throbbing pain and most people will seek a quiet and darkroom away from sunlight while experiencing the migraine. Stage four is the postdrome stage that occurs when the migraine has gone. Fatigue, difficulty concentrating, and gastrointestinal symptoms are typical of this stage.