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Strategies for supporting autistic people
Published in Nichola Tyler, Anne Sheeran, Working with Autistic People in the Criminal Justice and Forensic Mental Health Systems, 2022
Sarah Cooper, Andy Inett, Zoë Eastop, Kirsty Taylor
Establish and reinforce self-confidence and self-esteem by building on natural strengths, interests and abilities. This may include: Assessment of needs, strengths, interests and abilities;Comprehensive assessments of communication needs;Opportunities for occupation and employment;Positive rather than negative instructions (“Try X” rather than “Don’t do Y”);Structured, graded exposure to new experiences;Goal setting and reward/incentive programmes;Positive Behaviour Support (PBS) plans.
Attempts to reduce the use of restrictive interventions in England between 2014 and 2019
Published in Bernadette McSherry, Yvette Maker, Restrictive Practices in Health Care and Disability Settings, 2020
Positive and Proactive Care promoted a focus on developing therapeutic relationships between staff and patients; understanding behaviour, particularly promoting the use of Positive Behaviour Support (often termed PBS); working only within the prescribed legal and ethical framework; and most importantly only ever using restraint as a last resort. Positive Behaviour Support is a framework for developing an understanding of behaviour that challenges based on the physical, social and individual circumstances in which the behaviour occurs. This information is used to develop approaches that prevent the challenging behaviour occurring and the likelihood of restrictive interventions being considered (PBS Academy 2015). Positive and Proactive Care also included the prohibition of the planned or intentional use of prone restraint and physical techniques or breakaways that caused pain, with the exception of life-threatening situations.
Introduction to Part 1
Published in Meidan Turel, Michael Siglag, Alexander Grinshpoon, Clinical Psychology in the Mental Health Inpatient Setting, 2019
In the first of these, Jimmy Kim and Peter D’Amico (Chapter 5) describe their implementation of a positive behavioral support model within an acute care inpatient unit in a public psychiatric facility in New York. The authors describe how through the use of this model they develop patient-specific behavior plans that help the ward maximize clinical care, patient stabilization and reduction of aggressive behavior. The authors discuss how, as clinical psychologists cast in the role of behavioral consultants on the ward, they assist the multidisciplinary team, the patient, and family members to understand patient’s disturbing behaviors as a form of communication. This, in turn, opens the way to address underlying needs generating such behaviors and facilitates change.
Pushing past distractions to move toward assent-based practice and science: a response to Newcomb and Wine
Published in International Journal of Developmental Disabilities, 2023
We thank Newcomb and Wine for their thorough and thoughtful response to our recent publication, Assent in applied behaviour analysis and positive behaviour support: Ethical considerations and practical recommendations (Breaux and Smith 2023). The concept of assent-based intervention is relatively new within applied behaviour analysis (ABA) based interventions, including Positive Behavior Support (PBS). As the field moves in the direction of more wholistically incorporating learner choice and assent, nuanced discussions of practical implementation are both critical and necessary. Newcomb and Wine highlight many considerations for implementing assent-based ABA interventions with learners. Their examination of this topic further exemplifies the need for additional publication and practice guidelines.
Editorial for the special issue: ‘positive behaviour support: moving toward a human rights based model of support’
Published in International Journal of Developmental Disabilities, 2023
Erin S. Leif, Russell A. Fox, Pearl Subban, Umesh Sharma
We are pleased to be able to present a special issue of the International Journal of Developmental Disabilities on how Positive Behaviour Support (PBS) might help people with disabilities and their families understand and experience their rights, experience greater levels of social inclusion, and benefit from overall improved quality of life. The development of a range of person-centred and rights-based approaches for supporting people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) is important for several reasons. Historically, people with IDD have been removed from their families and placed in congregate care or institutional settings, limiting their opportunities for choice and community presence, inclusion, and participation (Burrell and Trip, 2011). Individuals with IDD are at heightened risk for discrimination, exploitation, abuse, and neglect, often due to their difficulties communicating their preferences, wants, and needs or reporting the incidence of abuse (Didi et al., 2018). Some individuals with IDD who display behaviours of concern may be at increased risk of experiencing exclusion and restrictive practices, such as physical, chemical, mechanical, or environmental restraint (Friedman and Crabb, 2018). Finally, Didi et al. (2018) argued that families, mainstream service providers, and disability support workers often struggle to consistently accommodate or effectively respond to the needs of people with IDD. As a result, upholding the human rights of people with IDD remains a significant area of concern.
‘Stakeholders are almost always resistant’: Australian behaviour support practitioners’ perceptions of the barriers and enablers to reducing restrictive practices
Published in International Journal of Developmental Disabilities, 2023
Erin S. Leif, Russell A. Fox, Pearl Subban, Umesh Sharma
The results of the current study suggest that more systemic strategies beyond the provision of individualised positive behaviour support plans may be needed to reduce the use of RPs (Hayward et al.2019, 2022). Indeed, previous research has shown that multi-component organisational reform packages (or systemic approaches) may contribute to reductions in the use of RPs (Craig and Sanders 2018, Leoni et al.2018, Sanders 2009). Such organisational systems approaches should support individual practitioners to undertake the activities described above, through the provision of time, training, or resources. Huckshorn (2006a) outlined several core strategies used within organisational interventions for reducing RPs, including leadership, data collection and analysis, staff training, use of specific tools to reduce RPs (risk assessments and safety plans), involvement of families and care teams, and high levels of coaching and feedback to teams responsible for implementing behaviour support strategies. Given the variability of skills of the behaviour support practitioner workforce, such strategies might best be delivered within a tiered model that embeds opportunities for practitioner supervision and professional development (Hartley et al.2016).