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Psychological Disorders
Published in Mohamed Ahmed Abd El-Hay, Understanding Psychology for Medicine and Nursing, 2019
The management of ADHD involves a combination of drugs and behavioral interventions. Most children with ADHD respond favorably to psychostimulants (e.g., methylphenidate) and atomoxetine. Behavioral management techniques include positive reinforcement, firm limit setting, and techniques for reducing stimulation (e.g., one playmate at a time; and short focused tasks).
Prader–Willi Syndrome: An Example of Genomic Imprinting
Published in Merlin G. Butler, F. John Meaney, Genetics of Developmental Disabilities, 2019
Although infants with PWS may be tube fed during infancy, by 18 months to 2 years of age, their feeding behavior changes radically and an insatiable appetite develops. This leads to major somatic and psychological problems in early childhood. Along with global developmental delays, temper tantrums, difficulty in changing routines, stubbornness, controlling or manipulative behavior, and obsessive–compulsive characteristics become more apparent during childhood. Lying, stealing, and aggressive behavior are common during the childhood years and continue into adolescence and adulthood. Frequently, medical and/or behavior management advice is sought to treat the behavioral problems, although no specific medication has been of great benefit. However, specific serotonin reuptake inhibitors have been helpful in controlling behavior and psychiatric disturbances in some PWS children particularly as they become older (3,8,42).
The Role of the Neuropsychologist in Life Care Planning
Published in Roger O. Weed, Debra E. Berens, Life Care Planning and Case Management Handbook, 2018
While some neuropsychologists provide assessment only, others provide treatment to individuals with acquired brain injury, other neurological disorders, chronic pain, and post-traumatic stress disorder. In these cases, a primary goal is often to address the behaviors of the patient with a brain injury. Common postmorbid behaviors include irritability, egocentrism, impulsivity, and other behaviors that lead to high levels of stress on the family. Family members are often included in sessions with the patient, or seen independently, to help them better understand changes in their injured family member and to more effectively cope with the effects not only on the injured patient but also on the entire family. Neuropsychologists who practice in rehabilitation settings, whether acute or postacute, are often involved in education with family members throughout the patient's admission, to help pave the way for a smoother transition at discharge. They are also part of the rehabilitation team and provide input regarding behavioral and cognitive issues. They are often called upon during acute and postacute rehabilitation to develop behavior management programs when behaviors interfere with the patient's progress.
On Terms within Organizational Behavior Management
Published in Journal of Organizational Behavior Management, 2023
Douglas A. Johnson, Rachael Ferguson
Our terms and assumptions define us more than our procedures. Practices have evolved over the decades (Brethower et al., 2022) and will continue to advance. The field of OBM originated with individual performers, but early on recognized a need to grow toward organization-wide improvements (Hall, 1980). The challenges encountered along the way have varied, but our explanatory framework consistently guided us. This is what distinguishes OBM from other approaches and may be best exemplified by our terminology. By marking the boundaries of the field, we believe a definition is finally warranted: Organizational behavior management is a scientific discipline that uses explanations derived from radical behaviorism to develop, coordinate, and implement performance improvement applications that range from individual performers in organizations to large-scale programs of change. This conceptualization can be witnessed across many contributions and analyses shown in this handbook series (D. A. Johnson & Johnson, 2022) and proven to be productive and pragmatic in understanding human behavior in the workplace.
The spiritual force of safety: effect of spiritual leadership on employees’ safety performance
Published in International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 2023
Yuanyuan Liu, Yunshuo Liu, Pingqing Liu, Dongxu Liu, Shuzhen Liu
Previous research articulated that more than 70% of safety accidents were related to employees’ unsafe behaviors [5,6], with non-technical factors such as employees’ behavior, team cooperation and leadership style being listed as the primary causes of accidents [3,7]. Hence, reducing the frequency of accidents and improving the safety performance of enterprises through effective methods has become an urgent research objective. With the vigorous development of positive organizational behavior management, scholars are now investigating positive leadership measures that fully utilize the advantages and potential of the employees. Transformational leadership, ethical leadership, authentic leadership and other leadership styles with positive characteristics have been widely studied [8–11]. However, attention has been increasingly allocated to the satisfaction of spiritual needs in people’s pursuit of working. As a result, researchers focusing on the effectiveness of leadership have shifted to the influence of leadership spirit. Instead of focusing on content pertaining to material, physiological, psychological or emotional reactions involved in the interaction between employees and leaders. Researchers attempted to integrate the spiritual self with career, and life, causing a rise in studies focusing on spiritual leadership [12].
Clinical perspectives on delivering a Positive Behaviour Support intervention for challenging behaviours following acquired brain injury
Published in Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 2023
Penelope Analytis, Amelia J. Hicks, Kate Rachel Gould, Timothy J. Feeney, Jennie Ponsford
While behaviour management approaches historically focused on manipulating responses to behaviour (e.g., rewarding desired behaviours), in recent decades the focus has shifted towards preventative approaches (e.g., those that improve the environment in which the behaviour occurs). One such intervention is Positive Behaviour Support (PBS) (Feeney et al., 2001; Feeney, 2010b; Ylvisaker & Feeney, 2000). PBS seeks to help individuals with challenging behaviour lead meaningful and satisfying lives and support the achievement of relevant personal goals through skill acquisition and environmental modifications (Carr et al., 2002; Feeney, 2010b; Ylvisaker et al., 2003). PBS also aims to facilitate satisfying family and community relationships by increasing engagement in meaningful activities, improving self-regulation and gaining a sense of self-determination (Carr et al., 2002; Feeney, 2010b; Feeney & Capo, 2010; Ylvisaker, Turkstra, et al., 2007). A guiding assumption behind PBS is that when individuals’ needs are effectively met, the challenging behaviours become irrelevant and thus are reduced, leading to enhanced quality of life (Carr et al., 2002; Gould, Ponsford, et al., 2019).