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Phobias
Published in Judy Z. Koenigsberg, Anxiety Disorders, 2020
What factors contribute to the development and maintenance of specific phobia in the elderly? Lindesay (1991) studied phobic disorders in older individuals and found that whereas a decline in physical health and the early death of parents were related to anxiety disorders in the elderly, socioeconomic status and intimacy within the social network were not associated with phobic disorders. It has been found, however, that there is both a relationship between phobic disorders in the elderly and a network that has a small size and a connection between phobic disorders in the elderly and less emotional support (Beekman et al., 1998).
Imagery and the Treatment of Phobic Disorders
Published in Anees A. Sheikh, Imagination and Healing, 2019
Beverly K. Habeck, Anees A. Sheikh
Treatment of phobic disorders generally is successful with patients who report that a single phobia has caused them to become aware of increasing disease within their environment. Cohen observes that these individuals, otherwise stable, reality-centered, and functioning competently, are likely to improve with any kind of therapy [6]. On the other hand, patients whose phobia is one element of a larger configuration of symptoms are less likely to respond successfully to phobia therapies.
Anxiolytics: Predicting Response/Maximizing Efficacy
Published in Mark S. Gold, R. Bruce Lydiard, John S. Carman, Advances in Psychopharmacology: Predicting and Improving Treatment Response, 2018
The diagnosis of mental disorders in general and anxiety-phobic disorders in particular has been a nosological nightmare, with few workers having complete confidence that what they described as being an anxiety neurotic was quite the same as someone else’s description. The presence of many unconscious dynamic mechanisms made objective assessment difficult. The presence of heterogeneity within experimental groups made conclusions about treatment effects tentative. However, recent advances in understanding of the natural history of anxiety disorders have resolved much of this muddle.
A systematic review of non-drug interventions to prevent and treat anxiety in people with aphasia after stroke
Published in Disability and Rehabilitation, 2022
Brooke J. Ryan, Stephanie M. Clunne, Caroline J. Baker, Ciara Shiggins, Miranda L. Rose, Ian I. Kneebone
Aphasia is an acquired language impairment that affects approximately 30–34% of stroke survivors [1]. Aphasia affects an individual’s ability to use and/or understand language can result in a range of negative psychological impacts including distress, depression and anxiety [2–4]. Anxiety disorders are a class of conditions that includes generalised anxiety disorder, panic disorder, and phobias [5]. Phobic disorders are a prominent anxiety subtype post-stroke [6]. Anxiety occurs in 25% of stroke survivors (by rating scale) and 20% (by interview) [7]. Preliminary research suggests a greater occurrence of anxiety in people with aphasia after stroke with a prevalence of up to 44% [8]. Anxiety in stroke survivors is linked to reduced independence, social participation, and lower health-related quality of life [6,9,10].
Effect of mood on long-term disability in younger stroke survivors: results from the Psychosocial Outcomes In StrokE (POISE) study
Published in Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation, 2022
C Liang, AJ Van Laar Veth, Q Li, D Zheng, ML Hackett
Our results suggest that early post-stroke anxiety may reduce peoples’ ability and willingness to engage socially in the first year after stroke. This is consistent with a cross-sectional study in young stroke survivors,10 and similar studies in the general stroke population.11,13 Phobic disorders may be the predominant anxiety subtype and correlated with more avoidant behaviors and restriction of social participation.6 Other explanations for the association include under-recognition or treatment of post-stroke anxiety (possibly due to the lack of guidance for effective treatment) and decreased motivation to participate in rehabilitation.6,28,29 In this study, early anxiety is also influenced by the socioeconomic circumstances and comorbidities of the participants. Recognition of these factors may facilitate the identification of those at risk for post-stroke anxiety. It will be important to determine whether improved recognition and management of post-stroke anxiety leads to less disability.
Patients’ characteristics and their influence on course of fear during agoraphobic symptom provocation: may SS(N)RI treatment compensate unfavorable individual preconditions?
Published in Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, 2018
Jens Plag, Moritz B. Petzold, Johanna Gechter, Carolin Liebscher, Andreas Ströhle
In summary, available evidence suggests that patient-related factors may be critical for the outcome of exposure in anxiety disorders. Although there are some comprehensible reservations in terms of combining exposure-based CBT and SS(N)RI, data also suggest that medication might hold some potential for enhancing exposure efficacy particularly in patients with a certain risk for low-response to exposure treatment. In order to define an optimum comprehensive treatment strategy for patients with phobic disorders, it therefore seems to be mandatory to gain a more profound insight into two aspects: first, patient-related parameters associated with an (beneficial or detrimental) impact on exposure efficacy and, second, the effect of SS(N)RI treatment on exposure-related course of fear with special consideration for these individual-based aspects.