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Abnormal Personality in Functional Somatic Syndromes
Published in Peter Manu, The Psychopathology of Functional Somatic Syndromes, 2020
Psychiatric diagnoses were established with the Quick Diagnostic Interview Schedule (Marcus et al., 1990). A written version of the same instrument (Robins et al., 1991) was used to identify somatization disorder and dysthymia. Personality pathology was assessed with the Personality Disorders Questionnaire (Hyler and Rieder, 1987), an instrument yielding 14 different diagnoses and a global score of personality disturbance. Personality traits were measured with the neuroticism scale of a widely used personality inventory (Costa and McCrae, 1985). Statistical analyses determined the significance of differences between the chronic fatigue syndrome patients and the three control groups and compared depressed versus nondepressed chronic fatigue subjects.
Personality
Published in Mohamed Ahmed Abd El-Hay, Understanding Psychology for Medicine and Nursing, 2019
Assessment of personality disturbances is usually limited by diagnostic categories to secure against over-diagnosis. In clinical practice, people show a wide range of personality pathology which needs careful attention.
Psychodynamic Psychological Testing in the Mental Health Inpatient Setting
Published in Meidan Turel, Michael Siglag, Alexander Grinshpoon, Clinical Psychology in the Mental Health Inpatient Setting, 2019
Christina Biedermann, Jeremy Ridenour, Spencer E. Biel
In this chapter, we will illustrate the model of psychodynamic psychological testing at the Austen Riggs Center (ARC), a small, private, non-profit psychiatric hospital in Stockbridge, Massachusetts, USA. The ARC specializes in the care of people with complex psychiatric problems who are often labeled treatment resistant in the broader psychiatric literature. Patients are referred from all over the world – from outpatient psychotherapists, college counseling centers, residential treatment centers, and other psychiatric hospitals. From a diagnostic perspective, most patients are struggling with complex, comorbid psychiatric diagnoses that have proven treatment refractory, often including personality pathology and sometimes psychosis. Approximately two-thirds of patients have histories of early deprivation, loss, and abuse, and approximately half struggle with substance abuse. Most have been hospitalized at least once and have had multiple episodes of self-destructive behavior; approximately half have made serious suicide attempts over the course of their lifetimes (Plakun, 2003).
Evaluating Measures of Externalizing Personality Pathology Traits in Black and White American Adolescents in a Program for at-Risk Youths
Published in Journal of Personality Assessment, 2023
Nora E. Charles, Cassidy L. Tennity, Joye C. Anestis, Hyunah Kim, Christopher T. Barry
Race references socially constructed (i.e., not biological) groups that are predominantly based on perceived physical and behavioral characteristics (e.g., skin color; e.g., Markus, 2008). As has been more comprehensively summarized elsewhere (e.g., Roberts et al., 2020; Smedley & Smedley, 2005), racialized experiences have well-documented implications for how individuals are perceived and therefore how individuals experience and interpret the world around them. In this way, studies examining racial group differences are not studying essential biologic differences but are studying the effect of inequality and systemic racism (Smedley & Smedley, 2005). This lens is germane to the study of personality pathology, as racialized experiences (including but not limited to systematic oppression, racism and discrimination, segregation, and differential access to resources) have serious implications for how we define personality pathology, how such traits are assessed, and who is at risk for developing personality pathology.
The Incremental Utility of Criteria A and B of the DSM-5 Alternative Model for Personality Disorders for Predicting DSM-IV/DSM-5 Section II Personality Disorders
Published in Journal of Personality Assessment, 2023
Tor Erik Nysaeter, Benjamin Hummelen, Tore Buer Christensen, Ingeborg Ulltveit-Moe Eikenaes, Sara Germans Selvik, Geir Pedersen, Donna S. Bender, Andrew E. Skodol, Muirne C. S. Paap
The current study is part of the Norwegian Study of the AMPD (NorAMP) which aims to investigate the reliability, validity and clinical utility of the AMPD. The NorAMP is a large cross-sectional multi-site study, for which patients were recruited from six hospitals in Norway between March 2015 and March 2017. In order to cover the whole spectrum of personality pathology, our study included patients who were receiving different types and levels of psychiatric care; i.e., inpatient, day and group treatment clinics, prison, and outpatient clinics. Exclusion criteria were schizophrenia spectrum disorder (except schizotypal PD), sequelae after brain injury, pervasive developmental disorders (i.e., autism spectrum disorders), mental retardation, severe ongoing substance abuse, and lack of understanding of the Norwegian language. An information poster was used to recruit students and employees at the Sorlandet Hospital, and the Universities of Agder and Oslo, forming a non-clinical sample of participants who had not undergone any previous psychiatric treatment. The non-clinical sample was screened prior to inclusion by means of a structured telephone interview to exclude people who were currently experiencing psychiatric symptoms, or who had previously received mental health treatment. The screening tools included the Iowa Personality Disorder Screen (IPDS; Langbehn et al., 1999) and an assessment using the DSM-IV Global Assessment of Functioning Scale (GAF: Axis V). The exclusion criterion for the IPDS was any item met, and for the GAF, a score < 70.
A Scoring Procedure for Malignant Narcissism Based on Personality Inventory for DSM-5 Facets
Published in Journal of Personality Assessment, 2022
Jonathan Faucher, Claudia Savard, David D. Vachon, Maude Payant, Dominick Gamache
Assessing personality pathology using prototype matching falls within the broader framework of dimensional conceptualizations of PDs, in which pathological personality dispositions are conceptualized as continuous spectra found, to variable degrees, in both clinical and nonclinical populations. From a dimensional perspective, personality pathology refers to a particular configuration of personality traits present at extremely high or low levels (Miller, 2013; Ofrat et al., 2018). Interest in the dimensional models of PDs has increased in recent years, leading to their gradual overtaking of the classic, categorical approach to PDs, in which PDs are discrete clinical entities that are either present or absent. This paradigmatic change was propelled by conceptual and clinical limitations attributed to the categorical approach (e.g., high comorbidity between diagnoses, arbitrary clinical thresholds, limited clinical utility; see Ofrat et al., 2018, for a review), and has been advocated by many researchers (see Hopwood et al., 2018).