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Unplanned Compulsive Homicides
Published in Louis B. Schlesinger, Sexual Murder, 2021
There are, however, exceptions to the notions that severe psychopathology results in unplanned crimes and that the absence of severe psychopathology results in planned crimes. Two severe forms of mental disturbance—paranoid personality disorder and the paranoid form of schizophrenia—do not disorganize the underlying character structure. Paranoid personality disorder is malignant. However, the behavior of individuals with this type of personality is often highly organized, systematized, and thoughtful. Consequently, if they have a compulsion to kill, they have the ability to plan the murders. The paranoid form of schizophrenia also leads to functioning in an organized, systematized, thoughtful fashion. If people with schizophrenia involving paranoid symptoms have a compulsion to kill, they, too, are able to plan their actions despite the primary psychiatric diagnosis.
Personality
Published in Mohamed Ahmed Abd El-Hay, Understanding Psychology for Medicine and Nursing, 2019
Persons with paranoid personality disorder are characterized by long-standing suspicion and mistrust of people in general. Prevalence estimates for paranoid personality disorder in the US suggest a prevalence of 2.3–4.4 percent of the general population, and it is more common in men than women. Persons with this disorder have difficulties with bosses and co-workers and may become socially isolated because of their suspiciousness. Those individuals incorrectly interpret the motives of others to be malevolent, suspecting that others are exploiting, deceiving, or harming them. They endlessly question the trustworthiness and fidelity of friends and romantic partners, and they are reluctant to confide in others for fear the information will be used against them. So, they frequently scan their environments for clues of possible attack, deception, or betrayal. They often misinterpret benign events as evidence of malevolence, demeaning, or threatening. In response to perceived or actual insults or infidelities, these individuals overreact quickly, becoming excessively angry and responding with counterattacking behavior. They are unable to forgive or forget such incidents and instead bear long-term grudges against their supposed betrayers.
Paper 1: Answers
Published in Sabina Burza, Beata Mougey, Srinivas Perecherla, Nakul Talwar, Practice Examination Papers for the MRCPsych Part 1, 2018
Sabina Burza, Beata Mougey, Srinivas Perecherla, Nakul Talwar
True. Paranoid personality disorder is characterised by hostility, distrust, suspiciousness, quarrelsomeness and quickness to take offence. Individuals go to enormous lengths to defend their rights and beliefs. (13: p.382)
Comparing English-Language and Chinese-Language Assessment of DSM-5 Personality Disorders and Interpersonal Problems in Chinese Bilingual Speakers
Published in Journal of Personality Assessment, 2022
Leila Z. Wu, A. Esin Asan, Alexandra L. Halberstadt, Aaron L. Pincus
Moreover, the substantive results are generally consistent with recent meta-analyses (Wilson et al., 2017) examining interpersonal profiles of personality disorders. Prototypicalities of interpersonal profiles generated in the current study for all personality disorders except paranoid and dependent were consistent with meta-analytic profiles. In the current study, paranoid personality disorder did not exhibit a prototypical profile whereas it did in the meta-analysis. In contrast, dependent personality disorder exhibited a prototypical profile in the current study but did not in the meta-analysis. Finally, in both the current study and the meta-analysis, obsessive–compulsive personality disorder did not exhibit a prototypical interpersonal profile. Additionally, angular displacements generated in the current study were generally consistent with the meta-analysis, except for histrionic personality disorder. Histrionic personality disorder exhibited a warm-domineering problems profile in the meta-analysis, whereas its profile reflected warm interpersonal problems in this study. It is possible that histrionic personality symptoms are viewed differently in communal and in individualistic cultures.
Gene expression study of mitochondrial complex I in schizophrenia and paranoid personality disorder
Published in The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry, 2018
Arvin Haghighatfard, Sarah Andalib, Mozhdeh Amini Faskhodi, Soha Sadeghi, Amir Hossein Ghaderi, Shadi Moradkhani, Jalal Rostampour, Zeinab Tabrizi, Ali Mahmoodi, Talie Karimi, Zakieh Ghadimi
Paranoid personality disorder (PPD) is a mental disorder characterised by paranoia and a pervasive, long-standing suspiciousness and generalised mistrust of others with 0.5–2.5% occurrence in the general population and no clear aetiology (Waldinger 1997). Paranoid thoughts are the main shared symptoms between PPD and SCZ, but hostility, social avoidance, depression and mannerisms are frequently seen in both disorders as well. Hallucinations and delusions are two common symptoms of SCZ that are not present in PPD patients. Several studies reported a specific familial association between SCZ-related personality disorders such as PPD, and SCZ patients (Webb & Levinson 1993). While a series of twin studies found significant heritability for PPD in the range of 35–60%, genetic and molecular bases of PPD remain unclear (Reichborn-Kjennerud 2010). As the aetiology of SCZ and PPD remains unclear and their diagnosis is based on clinical interviews, reliable peripheral biological markers for these disorders are needed. Whole-genome gene expression profiling in SCZ revealed gene expression alteration in several genes with different functions such as neurotransmission, gene regulation, cell cycle progression, differentiation, apoptosis, microRNA processing and immunity. This functional diversity in SCZ candidate genes could be related to pathophysiological heterogeneity of complex psychiatric disorders (Sanders et al. 2013).
Autism spectrum disorders in adult outpatients with obsessive compulsive disorder in the UK
Published in International Journal of Psychiatry in Clinical Practice, 2018
Waduge Nishani Maheshi Wikramanayake, William Mandy, Sonia Shahper, Sukhwinder Kaur, Sangeetha Kolli, Selma Osman, Jemma Reid, Kiri Jefferies-Sewell, Naomi Anne Fineberg
OCD and ASD are commonly found to co-occur either in the same patient or in the same family. In a seminal epidemiological study, OCD was found to be common among unaffected (by ASD) relatives of ASD sufferers (Micali et al. 2004). Conversely, a study published by Bejerot and colleagues (2001) using the Asperger’s Syndrome diagnostic interview (ASDI), found autistic traits to be common, affecting 13 (20%) of a sample of 64 treatment-seeking patients with OCD. Additionally subjects with autistic traits were more likely to fulfil criteria for anxious and paranoid personality disorder. The authors proposed that OCD is often related to high functioning ASD. Another study (Cullen et al. 2008) investigated the link between social communication difficulties (but not full ASD) in an OCD population that included family members. The study found a higher prevalence of OCD in those families where the proband had both OCD and social communication difficulties, suggesting a possible genetic link between social communication difficulties and OCD. Another more recent large-scale study by Meier and colleagues (2015) found that individuals diagnosed with OCD displayed a fourfold risk of a co-morbid diagnosis of ASD, and that a diagnosis of ASD lent a twofold risk of developing co-morbid OCD. The authors also found that a parental diagnosis of OCD significantly increased the risk of the development of ASD in their offspring. The authors concluded that OCD and ASD partially shared aetiological mechanisms, with implications for new research and clinical practice.