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Nutritional Deficiencies
Published in Philip B. Gorelick, Fernando D. Testai, Graeme J. Hankey, Joanna M. Wardlaw, Hankey's Clinical Neurology, 2020
Deepa Bhupali, Fernando D. Testai
Neuropsychiatric: Irritability.Confusion.Behavioral changes.Poor concentration and attention.
Liver Diseases
Published in George Feuer, Felix A. de la Iglesia, Molecular Biochemistry of Human Disease, 2020
George Feuer, Felix A. de la Iglesia
Effects on several organs are associated with chronic hepatic failure, such as the central nervous, cardiovascular, and hematopoietic systems. Neuropsychiatric abnormalities are the major manifestations of this condition. These central nervous system abnormalities include increased sensitivity to antidepressant drugs, hypoxia and acid-base disturbances, and changes in ammonia metabolism. Cardiovascular effects include increased cardiac output, tachycardia, and increased peripheral vasodilatation. Bleeding or ascites causes hypovolemic shock with associated renal failure. The hematologic abnormalities include excessive red blood cell destruction connected with increased spleen weight. Erythrocyte formation is impaired due to defects in vitamin B12 and folate metabolism. Impaired synthesis of clotting factors stimulates an increased bleeding tendency.
Antipsychotic Drugs
Published in Sahab Uddin, Rashid Mamunur, Advances in Neuropharmacology, 2020
Harleen Kaur, Ramneek Kaur, Varsha Rani, Kanishka Sharma, Pawan Kumar Maurya
This chapter covers the use of common antipsychotic drugs (clozapine, reserpine, risperidone, olanzapine, haloperidol, quetiapine) in neuropsychiatric disorders. Authors also discussed various mechanism of action of aforementioned drugs. Despite the controversy that surrounds the use of atypical antipsychotic drugs in neuropsychiatric disorders, these medications are frequently being prescribed for the treatment of neuropsychiatric diseases. The final choice of atypical antipsychotic drugs should be guided by the nature and severity of the target symptom being treated, and the medication least likely to cause harm to the patient. Whenever possible, these atypical antipsychotic drug treatments should be combined with non-pharmacological treatments to limit the need and dose of antipsychotic drugs.
Neuropsychiatric manifestations in primary Sjogren syndrome
Published in Expert Review of Clinical Immunology, 2022
Simone Appenzeller, Samuel de Oliveira Andrade, Mariana Freschi Bombini, Samara Rosa Sepresse, Fabiano Reis, Marcondes C. França
Epidemiology and clinical features of neuropsychiatric manifestations are derived from several cohort studies around the world. The frequency of individual neuropsychiatric manifestations varies widely, and incidence and prevalence are difficult to compare. The reported studies have several limitations that should be addressed in the future research agendas to improve comparisons and future multicenter studies. Only a few population-based cohort studies have been published so far [3,43,51]. These studies show a significantly lower frequency of neuropsychiatric manifestations. However, the presence of neuropsychiatric manifestations is associated with significant disability, lower quality of life, and should be diagnosed and treated early in the disease course [51]. Regarding the time of onset, there is also significant controversy in the literature. Patients followed in the neurology unit and with PNS involvement tend to have neurological manifestations prior to pSS diagnosis, whereas the opposite is observed in patients followed at rheumatology clinics and with CNS manifestations. In addition, children often do not fulfill pSS criteria, and a high index of suspicion is necessary when evaluating neuropsychiatric manifestations. Longitudinal population-based cohort studies are necessary to determine the incidence and prevalence of neuropsychiatric manifestations in pSS and to determine risk factors for its occurrence and recurrence. Although PNS manifestations are more frequently observed, attention should be given to CNS and ANS manifestations since they also contribute to poorer quality of life and disability.
National Institutes of Mental Health Data Archive: Privacy, Consent, and Diversity Considerations and Options for Improvement
Published in AJOB Neuroscience, 2022
Scott M. Lee, Mary A. Majumder
Neuropsychiatric conditions are broadly defined as behavioral conditions with known neurobiological mechanisms of brain pathology (Taber, Hurley, and Yudofsky 2010; Sachdev 2005). Data categories such as clinical, imaging, and omics comprise the majority of neuropsychiatric data (NIMH 2007a, 2007b) although any data type (e.g. mobile/location data, surveys) that relates to neuropsychiatric conditions can fit this working definition (Jongs et al. 2020; NIH 2020). Although some of these types of data are already shared among researchers and even made public, the nature of this data in the neuropsychiatry setting is often especially sensitive. For example, transcriptomes from an individual’s cell line, analyses of a patient’s neuronal circuitry, or the physical features of a person’s facial structure are particularly difficult to deidentify (Eberwine and Kahn 2020). Conceivably, aggregated data could be used to not only build full individual profiles (Farahany and Ramos 2020), but also to expose groups of individuals, who may be targeted for sharing certain neuropsychiatric data characteristics (Floridi 2017). Furthermore, data not previously believed to be identifiable may over time reveal themselves to contain these individual and group identifiers (Eberwine and Kahn 2020). Changes in technology and the data environment both increase complexity.
The prevalence and course of neuropsychiatric symptoms in stroke patients impact functional recovery during in-hospital rehabilitation
Published in Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation, 2022
Akihito Suzuki, Hitoshi Mutai, Tomomi Furukawa, Ayumi Wakabayashi, Tokiji Hanihara
The NPI-NH17 was used to evaluate the neuropsychiatric symptoms. The NPI is one of the most widely used international evaluation tools for evaluating the behavior and psychological symptoms of dementia. The following 12 neuropsychiatric symptoms were assessed by frequency (1–4 points) and severity (1–3 points): delusions, hallucinations, agitation, depression, anxiety, euphoria, apathy, disinhibition, irritability, aberrant motor behavior, sleep disorders, and eating disorders. The score of each item was represented by the product of the frequency and severity (0–12 points); the total score was calculated as 0–144 points with 12 items. The NPI-NH was evaluated within a week of admission and within a week before discharge, and once a month during hospitalization. The evaluation was conducted in consultation with the responsible nurse, care staff, and occupational therapist.