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Psychiatric Disorders
Published in Walter F. Stanaszek, Mary J. Stanaszek, Robert J. Holt, Steven Strauss, Understanding Medical Terms, 2020
Walter F. Stanaszek, Mary J. Stanaszek, Robert J. Holt, Steven Strauss
The two major mood disorders are major depressive disorder and bipolar I disorder (formerly manic-depressive disorder). Disorders related to depression include dysthymic disorder, minor depressive disorder, recurrent brief depressive disorder, and premenstrual dysphoric disorder. Related to bipolar I disorder is bipolar II disorder (recurrent major depressive episodes with hypomania) and cyclothymic disorder.
Chronic conditions, disability, and perceived health: Empirical support of a conceptual model
Published in Francis Guillemin, Alain Leplège, Serge Briançon, Elisabeth Spitz, Joël Coste, Perceived Health and Adaptation in Chronic Disease, 2017
Jordi Alonso, Carlos G. Forero, Núria D. Adroher, Gemma Vilagut
Mental disorders were assessed with Version 3.0 of the WHO Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI 3.0), a fully structured lay-administered interview designed to generate diagnoses of mental conditions based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of the American Psychiatric Association, IV edition (DSM-IV). The mental disorders considered here are depressive disorders (major depressive disorder, minor depressive disorder), bipolar disorder (mania, hypomania, bipolar I, bipolar II), panic disorder (panic disorder, agoraphobia without panic), specific phobia, social phobia, generalized anxiety disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, alcohol abuse with or without dependence, and drug abuse with or without dependence. Only disorders present in the past 12 months are considered here. Generally, good concordance has been found between CIDI diagnoses of anxiety and depressive disorders and independent clinical assessment (Wittchen, 1994; Haro et al., 2006).
Pharmacotherapy of Mixed Anxiety/Depression Disorders
Published in Siegfried Kasper, Johan A. den Boer, J. M. Ad Sitsen, Handbook of Depression and Anxiety, 2003
A. Carlo Altamura, Roberta Bassetti, Sara Fumagalli, Donato Madaro, Daniele Salvadori, Emanuela Mundo
The International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) [11] provides a code for mixed anxiety and depression disorder. In the DSM-IV [12], the diagnostic category of mixed anxiety depressive disorder (MAD) and of minor depressive disorder have been proposed as research diagnostic criteria, suggesting the need for a more dimensional approach to explain the presence of comorbid conditions. The essential feature of MAD is a persistent or recurrent dysphoric mood lasting at least 1 month. The dysphoric mood is accompanied by additional symptoms that also must persist for at least 1 month and include at least four of the following: (1) concentration or memory difficulties; (2) sleep disturbance; (3) fatigue or low energy; (4) worry—being easily moved to tears; (5) hypervigilance in anticipating the worst; (6) hopelessness or pessimism about the future; (7) low self-esteem or feelings of worthlessness. Actually, many questions about this diagnostic category remain unanswered. The prevalence of MAD in the general population, the etiopathogenetic mechanisms underlying this illness, its natural course, and the response to treatment are still uncertain. In addition, the clinical characteristics that may allow discrimination between MAD, major depressive disorder (MDD), or anxiety disorders are not clearly defined yet [13]. Furthermore, the matter appears to be complicated by methodological and assessment issues. As an example, it cannot be ruled out that the frequently observed overlap of depressive and anxiety symptoms could be due to the use of nonspecific assessment instruments (e.g., the Hamilton Depression Rating Scales for Anxiety and for Depression). In addition, general practitioners sometimes are not able to distinguish between anxiety and depressive disorders because this diagnosis requires psychiatric training. This has led to the assumption, quite common in the general practice, that psychiatric patients usually experience an admixture of symptoms instead of specific conditions [14].
Mental health service-seeking behavior in post-Soviet Ukraine
Published in International Journal of Mental Health, 2023
Amanda Jiang, Rachel Ulrich, Kristin Van De Griend, Nathan Tintle, Mark McCarthy, Daniela A. Beckelhymer
Five variables from Part I were selected as baseline demographic controls: age, education, sex, employment status (unemployed/employed) (Tintle et al., 2011), region, and marital status. The region was categorized as either east or west of the Dnieper River (a river known as the dividing line between the east and west of Ukraine), and marital status as married (married or in a “marriage-like” relationship) or unmarried (single, widowed or divorced) (Kessler et al., 2003). Part I mental health condition variables included DSM-IV lifetime diagnoses for anxiety-related disorders (agoraphobia, generalized anxiety disorder, panic attack, panic disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, and social phobia), depressive disorders (major depressive episode, minor depressive disorder, and dysthymia), substance use disorders (alcohol use with and without dependence, drug use with and without dependence, and nicotine dependence), and Intermittent Explosive Disorder (IED). Mental health condition variables were largely selected based on Bromet et al.’s study (2005) and data availability. Socio-demographic variables include urbanicity (areas with rural or township status were considered “rural”) and poverty status (present if the family could not afford food and absent if the family could afford food) (Tintle et al., 2011).
Psychiatric disorders in women and men up to five years after undergoing assisted reproductive technology treatment – a prospective cohort study
Published in Human Fertility, 2019
Helena Volgsten, Lone Schmidt, Agneta Skoog Svanberg, Lisa Ekselius, Inger Sundström Poromaa
Diagnoses of psychiatric disorders were assessed by use of the Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders (PRIME-MD) based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV), Fourth Edition. The PRIME-MD system, which is fully described elsewhere (Spitzer et al., 1994), consists of two components: a one-page patient questionnaire and a 12-page clinician evaluation guide, which is a structured interview guide to be used when evaluating the responses on the questionnaire. Only those modules that are indicated by the participant on the questionnaire, containing 24 questions, are administered. The PRIME-MD system evaluates the presence of 20 possible psychiatric disorders, of which this follow-up study focused on the following diagnoses: major depressive disorder, dysthymia, partial remission of major depressive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder and panic disorder. Minor depressive disorder and anxiety not otherwise specified (NOS) are considered ‘subthreshold’ diagnoses and have fewer symptoms than required for a specific DSM-IV diagnosis but was included in the study as they are also associated with considerable disability.
Maternal witness to intimate partner violence during childhood and prenatal family functioning alter newborn cortisol reactivity
Published in Stress, 2019
Stephanie H. Parade, Rebecca P. Newland, Margaret H. Bublitz, Laura R. Stroud
A number of variables were considered as potential confounders. Demographic characteristics were collected from mothers during an interview in pregnancy to assess maternal age, marital status, education, income, race, and ethnicity. The Structured Clinical Interview for the DSM-IV (SCID; First, Spitzer, Gibbon, & Williams, 2002) was used to assess maternal depression in pregnancy. Mothers who met diagnostic criteria for Major or Minor Depressive Disorder in pregnancy were considered to be depressed in pregnancy (dichotomized for data analysis). Maternal smoking status during pregnancy was recorded via maternal report using the Timeline Follow-Back Interview (Robinson, Sobell, Sobell, & Leo, 2014). Infant birth outcomes, including Apgar scores at 5 min, birth weight, gestational age at delivery, and sex were recorded through medical chart review. Infant age at the time of each NNNS exam was also considered as a covariate. The ACE scale (Dube et al., 2003) was also used to assess physical abuse directed toward the mother in childhood (2 items, e.g. “How often did a parent, stepparent, or adult living in your home push, grab, slap, or throw something at you?”), sexual abuse directed toward the mother in childhood (4 items, e.g. “How often did an adult person at least 5 years older than you touch or fondle your body in a sexual way?”), and neglect experienced by the mother in childhood (3 items, e.g. “How often did you not have enough to eat?”).