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Aphantasia
Published in Alexander R. Toftness, Incredible Consequences of Brain Injury, 2023
Which parts of the brain are usually affected in cases of acquired aphantasia? If you want a straightforward answer, it has been argued that people with acquired aphantasia usually have damage to their left temporal lobe (Bartolomeo, 2002). However, that explanation is incomplete, because “different types of imagery deficits can be found,” typically alongside additional disorders of “visuospatial perception, recognition, or exploration” (Trojano & Grossi, 1994, p. 217). Most notably, aphantasia seems to occur alongside additional trouble with objects (see Visual Object Agnosia), faces (see Prosopagnosia), and space (see Topographical Disorientation). Indeed, the location and extent of the damage leading up to a person reporting a reduction of their mental imagery ability is different between people and “rarely concerns only one specific brain area” (Dijkstra et al., 2019, p. 425).
Ski-Jumping, Alpine-, Cross-Country-, and Nordic-Combination Skiing
Published in Christopher L. Vaughan, Biomechanics of Sport, 2020
In expanding on this point, Watanabe6 experimented with a simulated jump from different surface conditions (frictional coefficients in the range of 1.0 to 0.03) and compared the jump performance (distance) and power production on a Kistler force plate. The nearest frictional condition to snow was μ = 0.03 in the case of the subject on roller skates. The subjects produced their maximum jump power at an angle of 85° and the values ranged from 80° to vertical jumping because of the slippery conditions. Thus, there exists a very large gap between the take-off angle in actual conditions and simulated take-off. It might be important to pay more attention to the mental image of athletes for training even if there is a large gap between this image and scientific observation.
Imagination in Disease and Healing Processes: A Historical Perspective
Published in Anees A. Sheikh, Imagination and Healing, 2019
Carol E. McMahon, Anees A. Sheikh
From a position of near disgrace imagery recently has risen to be one of the hottest issues in both clinical and experimental cognitive psychology. Cognitive psychologists have extensively debated the question whether images represent a direct encoding of perceptual experiences, an artifact of propositional structuring of reality, or a constructive and reconstructive process [66]. But this issue has not been of any real concern to the majority of clinicians. “They assume that everyone experiences mental representations of objects and events, and these representations constitute their subject matter.” [47, p. 395] A definition of imagery, such as the one provided by Richardson, is implicit in most of these approaches [59]: Mental imagery refers to all those quasi-sensory or quasi-perceptual experiences of which we are self-consciously aware, and which exist for us in the absence of those stimulus conditions that are known to produce their genuine sensory or perceptual counterparts [59, p. 2].
Creating Adaptable Skills: A Nonlinear Pedagogy Approach to Mental Imagery
Published in Journal of Sport Psychology in Action, 2023
Riki S. Lindsay, Jia Yi Chow, Paul Larkin, Michael Spittle
Mental imagery (MI) has been defined as a “cognitive simulation process by which we can represent perceptual information in our minds in the absence of appropriate sensory input” (Guillot et al., 2021, p. 4). MI is a psychological training approach that has been shown to successfully develop a range of motor skills, such as complex surgical techniques to serving in tennis (Schuster et al., 2011; Simonsmeier et al., 2021). The mechanisms for the efficacy of MI have primarily been interpreted from a cognitive information processing-based view, in which MI comprises hierarchically organized internal representations stored in long-term memory (Kiverstein & Rietveld, 2018; Lang, 1979). From this perspective, MI is a process of building and manipulating internal representations of skills, like those used during action execution (Kim et al., 2017). Utilizing a shared internal representation between MI and action has been described as the principle of functional equivalence (FE) (Moran & O’Shea, 2019). The FE principle explains that similar neurophysiological mechanisms involved in building and manipulating internal representations of movement are used in MI and action. (Moran & O’Shea, 2019).
The effect of the approach based on the Neuman Systems Model on stress and coping in women receiving intrauterine insemination treatment: A randomized controlled trial
Published in Health Care for Women International, 2023
Menekşe Nazlı Aker, Funda Özdemir
Participants performed guided imagery in a quiet room in the clinic where their privacy was ensured, and also did diaphragmatic breathing exercises before the intervention. Guided imagery is a mind-body exercise that encourages individuals to formulate meaningful mental images in order to provide relaxation and reduce anxiety (Goldyn, 2012). For the practice, they were put in a comfortable position and read the relaxation exercise script (Blitzer, 2011). Since a repetition of the guided imagery would enable them to respond more comfortably (Kubes, 2015), the exercises were performed in the 1st and 2nd interviews in company with the researcher, they were recommended to do the exercise by themselves every day at home. They were informed how to perform the exercises at home, whereby the exercise text was included in the booklet.
“I see myself”: Craving imagery among individuals with addictive disorders
Published in Journal of Addictive Diseases, 2023
Viktor Månsson, Jackie Andrade, Nitya Jayaram-Lindström, Anne H. Berman
So, what passes through the mind of an individual with addiction when cravings emerge? Recently, research has drawn attention toward the role of mental imagery in psychiatric disorders, including addiction.21,22 Mental imagery has been described as “seeing with the mind’s eye” or as brief flashes of future behavior, termed flashforwards.23,24 Mental imagery is associated with an enhanced emotional activation and memory function as compared to verbal thoughts25 and to influence future behaviors.26 Verbal thoughts, on the other hand, also referred to as inner speech27 are verbal stimuli involving higher levels of cognitive control.28 Verbal thoughts are commonly more abstract than imagery and refer to a finite set of categories.29 Instruments aiming at measuring aspects of addictive behaviors such as motives30 or cognitions31 are typically constructed as verbal accounts resembling inner speech.