China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Clinical Issues and Case Histories
Published in Albert A. Kurland, S. Joseph Mulé, Psychiatric Aspects of Opiate Dependence, 2019
Albert A. Kurland, S. Joseph Mulé
Employing the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) in physician addicts admitted to the U.S. Public Health Service Hospital in Lexington, Kentucky, Hill et al.16 found strong evidence of general maladjustment reflected as hypochondriasis, depression, general neuroticism, and anxiety. Duffy and Litin12 noted the high incidence of alcoholism among physician-addicts, but found little or no similarity between them and the street addict. Their impression, however, is open to some challenge, since both Modlin and Montes9 and Hill et al.16 believe that, psychologically, physicians who are narcotic addicts resemble people who obtain narcotics illegally more closely than they do nonaddicted physicians.
Adult Children of Alcoholics
Published in Edith S. Lisansky Gomberg, Current Issues in Alcohol/Drug Studies, 2019
In a recent article, Clair and Genest (1987), do draw on existing empirical knowledge on the effects of alcoholism on the family and on grounded theory about human coping mechanisms in order to establish and test hypotheses about the effect of alcoholism on adult children. In their findings, not all adult children reported difficulties. They also found that though adult children of alcoholics did report greater family conflict, the levels of family conflict did not necessarily lead to adult difficulties. Instead, the study found that cohesiveness, expressiveness, and encouragement of the child’s independence were associated with adult adjustment, suggesting that a family can maintain stable functions despite conflict generated by the presence of an alcoholic in the family. In a word, the simplistic view that adult adjustment difficulties directly accrue from alcoholism in the family was not supported. The assumption that any level of conflict necessarily causes the family to be maladjusted and thus produces maladjusted adults was not supported. If the family is able to reorganize functionally, maladjustment may be less likely. Interestingly this research suggests a lack of uniqueness in families of alcoholics by identifying family functioning patterns as the predictors of adjustment as opposed to the alcoholism per se and/or conflict associated with alcoholism. In a word, the empirical work suggests linkage to general family theory and the effects of family functioning on adult adjustment, rather than a conceptualization of “alcoholic” families as causing specific adult adjustment problems.
Conclusions
Published in Noel Timms, Psychiatric Social Work in Great Britain 1939-1962, 2018
The psychiatric social worker is created by the successful completion of a year’s training course,1 irrespective of the work subsequently undertaken. The training is given in the field of psychiatric service for mental illness and maladjustment. The demanding nature of such work is widely recognized, and it is expected that personnel should be carefully selected and taught certain subjects that form the basis of the curricula in all the training courses. Psychiatric social workers themselves have always emphasized the importance of personal selection for training, though they have given insufficient attention to delineating the personality characteristics of the psychiatric social worker and to ascertaining the means by which they might be assessed. Psychiatric social workers have always argued that training should be lengthened and improved rather than curtailed. Such a view may seem unrealistic, and indeed it is if we attend to issues of immediate practicability. It serves, however, an important critical function at the present time, when we need to be reminded of the considerable limitations in professional social work training at the universities in view of the present emphasis on other (non-university) kinds of training which seem to be built on the assumption of educational and professional leadership from those trained in the universities.
Teachers’ adjustment to work: Effects of organizational justice and teacher resilience via psychological need satisfaction
Published in Journal of Workplace Behavioral Health, 2023
Pascale Desrumaux, Eric Dose, Sylvie Condette, Naouële Bouterfas
Regarding maladaptation (Figure 3), organizational justice (β = −.07, p < .001) and resilience (β = −.12, p < .001) significantly influenced work maladaptation (link C). The mediating effect of need satisfaction between organizational justice, resilience, and maladjustment was tested. The results revealed that by removing the indirect effect from the total effect (link C'), organizational justice (β = −.02, ns) no longer significantly influenced maladjustment, suggesting total mediation. They also revealed that when the indirect effect was removed, resilience (β = −.07, p < .01) continued to significantly affect maladjustment. Furthermore, the direct effect of resilience remained smaller than the total effect, suggesting partial mediation. Regarding the indirect effects, organizational justice and resilience significantly influence maladjustment via need satisfaction. Need satisfaction played a full mediating role between organizational justice and maladjustment. In contrast, need satisfaction had a partial mediating effect between resilience and maladjustment.
Psychosocial impact of hidradenitis suppurativa: a practical guide for clinicians
Published in Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 2022
Maximillian A. Weigelt, Sara F. Milrad, Joslyn R. S. Kirby, Hadar Lev-Tov
Body image as a construct pertains to perceptions, attitudes, cognitions, affect, and awareness of one’s body (35,36). The umbrella term of body image is composed of multiple interrelated, yet distinct domains. Psychometric analysis of the 35-item Dresden Body Image Questionnaire (DBIQ) highlights body acceptance, vitality, self-aggrandizement, physical contact and sexual fulfillment as domains (35). Body image is correlated with mental health and quality of life (35,37–39). Negative body image is both a cause and effect of psychological issues and comorbidities (35,40–42). It consistently correlates with common psychiatric disorders and with psychological maladjustment in non-clinical samples. It is particularly relevant to psychiatric disorders with appearance-related body image concerns (35) such as body dysmorphic disorder, which patients with disfiguring dermatologic conditions (e.g. HS) are at greater risk of developing (6). Cutaneous body image (CBI), which describes a person’s mental perception of the appearance of their integumentary system, may be relevant to HS (43,44). CBI affects individuals’ quality of life and can cause significant morbidity from dermatologic disorders; CBI dissatisfaction is correlated with self-injury, self-induced dermatoses and suicide (44). The disfiguring nature of HS lesions and the inflammation implicated in the pathogenesis of this disorder may both independently and synergistically contribute to the markedly increased negative body image experienced by HS patients (8,16,41).
Appraisals of disability and psychological adjustment in veterans with spinal cord injuries
Published in The Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine, 2021
Matthew Russell, Herb Ames, Callie Dunn, Sarah Beckwith, Sally A. Holmes
Spinal cord injuries and disorders (SCI/D) are life-altering experiences which present unique challenges to a person’s physical functioning, social roles, relationships, and psychological adjustment.1 Following injury and through the rehabilitation process, a majority of individuals with SCI/D successfully adjust to required lifestyle challenges, report acceptable quality of life, and demonstrate healthy psychological adjustment (defined here as the absence of clinically significant emotional distress as well as the absence of substantial life dissatisfaction).2 However, ∼40% of individuals with SCI/Ds report significant emotional distress, which may persist if untreated.2–4 Consistent with previous literature reviews and meta-analytic research, veterans with either new or old SCI/Ds have base rates of ∼40% for at least one psychiatric disorder, including ∼20% for depressive disorders, ∼12% for posttraumatic stress disorders, and ∼11% for substance use disorders.5–7 The base rates of psychiatric disorders within veterans with SCI/D are similar to studies examining civilians.8 Psychological maladjustment following SCI/D is linked to long-term health outcomes including diminished quality of life, limited social integration, increased medical complications, diminished engagement in rehabilitation, and higher mortality rates.4,9,10 It is, therefore, beneficial to establish measures that accurately and efficiently identify individuals at risk for poor psychological adjustment.