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Quantitative Methods for Analyzing Experimental Studies in Patient Ergonomics Research
Published in Richard J. Holden, Rupa S. Valdez, The Patient Factor, 2021
Kapil Chalil Madathil, Joel S. Greenstein
The responses collected from a subjective rating scale consist of interval data. Patient ergonomics researchers should take care to use reliable and validated scales with acceptable psychometric properties to collect data. The most common analysis procedures include developing a composite score that combines the responses from multiple questions (such as the mean of the responses to multiple questions) or analyzing each item on the scale separately. The use of parametric methods to analyze Likert scale responses has been controversial since they are not ratio data. However, studies using simulated and real data suggest that parametric tests are robust when analyzing Likert scale responses (Norman, 2010). In our case study, we used the IBM CSUQ to analyze overall satisfaction with each interface. Lewis (1995) recommends calculating overall satisfaction by averaging the scores from items 1 to 19 of the questionnaire. Equation (11.4) can then be used to calculate the CIs for satisfaction with the interface.
Measurement Using Likert Scales
Published in Trevor G. Bond, Zi Yan, Moritz Heene, Applying the Rasch Model, 2020
Trevor G. Bond, Zi Yan, Moritz Heene
We should note that moving from a dichotomous to a polytomous Rasch model should prompt us to reconsider what might constitute a suitable sample of persons for a rating scale analysis. As always, we would need a sample varied enough in the presence of the underlying psychological construct that all the response options for all of the items will be used. However, given that a typical Likert scale might have, say, four response opportunities (e.g., SD D A SA) rather than just two (? or X), we will need proportionately more persons in our sample to achieve the same density of data for each response opportunity. It should be recalled that the precision of the estimates depends on the amount of statistical information. Whereas 40 persons might yield, say, 25 ? and 15 X responses on a dichotomous item, those same 40 persons might yield 9 SDs, 11 Ds, 12 As, and 8 SAs on a Likert-format item.
Utilizing Educational Media of Disaster Mitigation on Earthquake and Tsunami Preparedness for Inpatient Families in Hospital
Published in Teuku Tahlil, Hajjul Kamil, Asniar, Marthoenis, Challenges in Nursing Education and Research, 2020
Cut Husna, Muzar Hafni, Mustanir Yahya, Hajjul Kamil, Teuku Tahlil
A descriptive comparative study was utilized with a questionnaire in the form of a Likert scale consisting 81 items. The instrument has been modified due to the relevance to the context of the hospital. The instrument has passed the validity and reliability testing. The validity test was carried out by colleagues from the Nursing Faculty of Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, while the reliability testing using Cronbach alpha has a value of 0.98. Initially, the questionnaire consisted of 85 items, after the validity tested there were 5 items that were invalid (values <0.44) then the items were deleted so that used in the study consisted of 81 items. This study was conducted with respect to the ethical principles in nursing research. It was approved with ethical No.1171012P after consideration by Health Ethics Committee of the Regional General Hospital dr. Zainoel Abidin Banda Aceh. The proportional stratified random sampling was conducted in the study. The samples were recruited by purposive sampling with inclusion criteria: non-intensive care patient families, age ≥17 year old, able to understand the Indonesian language. The sample was comprised of 90 respondents with 45 people for each group. Data were analyzed using independent t-test, due to data per group is normally distributed, data groups are unpaired, and variants between groups are homogeneous.
Perceptions of control and disordered eating behaviors during college transitions
Published in Journal of American College Health, 2022
Sharon R. Sarra, Caitlin C. Abar
The Desirability of Control Scale28 is a 20 item scale that measures an individual’s general desire for control over life events. The scale measures the desire for control in several areas such as decision making, controlling others, and attempting to control events in the near future. The respondent is presented a statement for each item of the scale to which she will give her degree of agreement. An example of these items is, “I enjoy having control over my destiny.” The questionnaire uses a Likert scale, ranging from 1 (strong disagreement) to 7 (strong agreement). Scores range between 20 and 140, with higher scores corresponding to a higher desire for control. Previous work has found college student samples tend to average roughly 100 on this scale, with a standard deviation of approximately 10. The test-retest reliability of the scale has been estimated at 0.75,28 and the observed internal consistency in the current study was 0.84. Validity of the desire for control scale has been consistently demonstrated across contexts.29–31
Acceptability, feasibility, and usability of a manualized cognitive behavioural programme for treatment of insomnia in children who sustained traumatic brain injury: A service providers’ perspective.
Published in Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 2021
Teleri Moore, Natalie Phillips, Tonya Palermo, Suncica Lah
A survey previously used for evaluation of a new treatment manual for transcendence therapy (Weyenberg, 2009) was adapted for use in this study. The self-administered survey included 45 items. Each item was answered on a 5-point Likert scale, ranging from 1 to 5 (1 = strongly disagree, 2 = disagree, 3 = neutral, 4 = agree, and 5 = strongly agree). The 45 items were grouped in 6 sections: (i) overall treatment programme: usability, clarity, format, and aesthetics (8 items), (ii) the child manual: age-appropriateness and suitability of the graphics, the rabbit characters used, and the skills taught (8 items), (iii) the parent manual: usability, clarity, and flexibility of (8 items), (iv) the therapist manual: clarity, structure, and flexibility of (6 items), (v) ease of delivery, cost-effectiveness and feasibility, and necessity and integration of treatment components/skills in the intervention (8 items), and (vi) demographic information. In this study mean ratings made on the Likert scale were used as indicators of the extent to which clinicians agreed that the treatment programme and its manuals were acceptable, feasible, and usable. An agreeability rating >3 was considered to represent an adequate level of agreement, as adapted from Weyenberg (2009).
Does brand equity play a role on doctors prescribing behavior in emerging markets?
Published in International Journal of Healthcare Management, 2020
R. K. Srivastava, Jitendra Bodkhe
The questionnaires comprised of three major parts. In the first part, apart from the factual details consisted of the name of the doctors, geographic location, practicing experience and specialization the questionnaire illustrated about favorite brands and the reason of being the doctors’ preference to prescribe the brands. Likert scale information and ratings (response from 1 to 5 i.e. strongly disagree to strongly agree) were used in this study to assess the response from the doctors. Likert scale is a five (or seven) point scale which is used to allow the individual to express how much they agree or disagree with a particular statement. The second part of the questionnaire illustrated about the importance of different parameter like COO, reputation, quality, and incentives given by the pharmaceutical companies. The third part focused on the doctors’ preference for prescribing the brand base on the cost, promotional activity or influence by marketing and future PB prior to products arrival in the market. A questionnaire is attached in the annexure.