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Assessing and managing pain
Published in Nicola Neale, Joanne Sale, Developing Practical Nursing Skills, 2022
Lindsey Pollard, Harriet Barker
Other types of scales are the visual analogue scale (VAS) (Figure 9.4) and verbal (categorical) rating scale (VRS) (Figure 9.5). All these scales have varying risk of failure; however, the VRS has been shown to have a slightly increased efficacy due to its simplicity (Ballantyne et al. 2019). Many acute hospitals use a numerical rating score of 0–3, which links closely to the verbal descriptors none, mild, moderate and severe within the VRS. In turn, these levels of pain intensity alongside functional assessment tools can be linked to pharmacological strategies (see the next section).
Psychological Rehabilitation of COVID-19
Published in Wenguang Xia, Xiaolin Huang, Rehabilitation from COVID-19, 2021
Anxiety, fear, depression, etc., are common in COVID-19 patients. Therefore, it is crucial to establish dynamic assessment and early warnings for a psychological crisis.The interview method can be adopted to evaluate emotions and feelings. Other methods include observing and measuring the external manifestations and physiological changes of patients’ emotions and feelings. Evaluate patients using a rating scale. Because COVID-19 is infectious, Jiang Xixi et al. reported on psychological crisis intervention (PCI) to help medical workers, patients, and other affected people overcome any psychological difficulties through remote (telephone and internet) and/or on-site medical services. Fang Yiru et al. also suggested using remote networks and telephone consultations or services to reduce the risk of cross-infection during the pandemic.
The Partial Credit Rasch Model
Published in Trevor G. Bond, Zi Yan, Moritz Heene, Applying the Rasch Model, 2020
Trevor G. Bond, Zi Yan, Moritz Heene
The extension of the Rasch model for simple dichotomous data into the rating scale model for polytomous data (Andersen, 1977; Andrich, 1978) has had an enormous impact on Rasch measurement. Although Rasch’s original work had conceptualised all the subsequently developed members of the Rasch family of models, thinking up the model and developing the estimation procedures are two related but different tasks. The rating scale model is now used routinely for the analysis of Likert-type data (Chapter 6), although Andrich had originally intended the RSM for another purpose: the evaluation of written essays. It was designed to assist the examination process by producing measures from values applied to qualitative essay rating scales, or marking rubrics, by examiners. However, it also paved the way for all the Rasch procedures in common use that involve data with more than just two values (0, 1).
Effect of Adding Infiltration between The Popliteal Artery and Capsule of The Knee Block (IPACK) to Continuous Adductor Canal Block after Total Knee Arthroplasty
Published in Egyptian Journal of Anaesthesia, 2023
Hatem Mohammed Ahmed Abdo, Mohamed Saeed Abd Elaziz, Amr Essam Eldin Abd Elhamid, Amr Ahmed Kassem, Diaaeldein Mahmoud Haiba
Our study compared CACB and IPACK in reducing postoperative knee pain. Pain control data, including VAS score, were significantly different between the two groups, except at 16 and 24 h and total nalbuphine consumption in the first 24 h after surgery. The Visual Analogue Scale is a widely used tool for assessing pain levels in medicine. It is a visual representation of the numerical rating scale. The most common version of the VAS is a horizontal line with an 11-point numerical range. Patients are asked to rate their pain on a pre-defined scale using the VAS. It is a simple and commonly used tool. The scale typically ranges from 0 to 10, with 0 representing “no pain” and 10 representing “the worst pain imaginable.” The advantages of using the VAS include its simplicity, reproducibility, ease of understanding and sensitivity to small changes in pain levels.
Establishing the measurement properties of the Residential Environment Impact Scale (Version 4.0)
Published in Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy, 2023
Michele Harrison, Kirsty Forsyth, Aja Louise Murray, Rocco Angarola, Shona Henderson, Linda Irvine Fitzpatrick, Gail Fisher
A combination of rating scale diagnostics are used to establish scale validity. We assessed the functioning of the proposed four-point rating scale of the REIS using the criteria set out by Linacre [43,44]. Firstly, to establish item thresholds, we examined the distribution of responses across categories and the extent to which they represented a departure from a uniform distribution. Secondly, we checked that the mean logit measure increased as the response category increased, meaning that the scale accurately measures the increased rating in relation to environment support. Fit statistics were also examined, with outfit mean squares >2 indicating that the response category is not fulfilling its purpose. Finally, we checked that the category thresholds were correctly ordered, by reviewing if there was an increase between thresholds of ≥1.4 logits to ≤ 5 logits, to confirm there is an observed distinction between categories.
Brain-Derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plasma level increases in patients with resistant schizophrenia treated with electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
Published in International Journal of Psychiatry in Clinical Practice, 2022
Ola Shahin, Sherif M. Gohar, Walaa Ibrahim, Shirin M. El-Makawi, Walaa Fakher, Dina Badie Taher, Mai Abdel Samie, Mohamed A. Khalil, Alia A. Saleh
Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS) assesses positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia along with the global psychopathology scale to measure the overall illness severity and detect the change in response to treatment (Kay et al. 1987). It is a rating scale scored by the researcher according to his clinical judgement. The scale has three parts, including the positive symptoms scale (P 1–7), negative symptoms scale (N 1–7), and general psychopathology scale (G 1–16). Each item is rated from 0 to 6 (Absent = 0 Minimal = 1 Mild = 2 Moderate = 3 Moderately severe = 4 Severe = 5 Extreme = 6). The scale was applied to the patients in both groups twice, once at recruitment and 4 weeks later. A reduction in PANNS score by 50% was considered a clinical response (Leucht et al. 2009).