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Psychiatry and social medicine
Published in Jagdish M. Gupta, John Beveridge, MCQs in Paediatrics, 2020
Jagdish M. Gupta, John Beveridge
13.12. The principle features of hyperkinetic disorder includepoor concentration.hypersomnia.obesity.impulsiveness.restlessness.
Psychiatry
Published in Roy Palmer, Diana Wetherill, Medicine for Lawyers, 2020
Defining mental disorder as a biomedical disadvantage requires: (1) demonstrable biomedical dysfunction; and (2) a value judgement that ‘handicap’ accrues from that biomedical dysfunction. Take, for example, personality disorder. There is good evidence of a genetic component to at least some personality disorders and increasing evidence of basic dysfunction within brain systems regulating affect, pleasure response, or impulsiveness. Individuals with this label have a high mortality rate from such things as suicide or accidents. They suffer themselves and make others suffer and have an increased propensity to co-morbid mental illness. The former constitutes the biomedical dysfunction and the latter the ‘handicap’ associated with it, making it reasonable to conclude that personality disorder is properly classified as a mental disorder.
Experiments in Rehabilitation Training: Problem Solving Strategies in Patients with the Frontal Syndrome
Published in Aleksandr R. Luria, Lubov S. Tsvetkova, Robert J. Sbordone, Aleksandr Mikheyev, Sergei Mikheyev, The Neuropsychological Analysis of Problem Solving, 2017
Aleksandr R. Luria, Lubov S. Tsvetkova, Robert J. Sbordone, Aleksandr Mikheyev, Sergei Mikheyev
Consult the statement. You need more control! “Yes, that’s it (a pause), to subtract six kilograms… to subtract… to subtract what?” (The patient looks at the investigator.) Consult your notation in the notebook. All three lines. “Oh, yes, six kilograms – two kilograms = four kilograms the first boy caught.” Read the program. “What for? It’s all over.” Read it. “So. Which is the final answer? Four kilograms.” What should you have remembered about the problem? (He gives the correct answer.) Look at all three lines. “Well, yes. The first — four kilograms, the second — two kilograms, well, and the the third — 11 − 6 = 5 kilograms.” The patient once again loses the general solution scheme.The investigator regulates his behavior and thereby, helps the patient recover the solution algorithm.Impulsiveness.Correct solution of the problem.
Unsatisfied treatment needs of people with comorbid alcohol/drug use and gambling disorder
Published in Journal of Substance Use, 2023
Łukasz Wieczorek, Katarzyna Dąbrowska
The presence of comorbid psychiatric disorders has implications for individual case formulation, treatment planning and selection, the proposed objectives and expectations of the selected treatment, and the length of treatment (Ibáñez et al., 2001). The reasons for these difficulties may be the higher level of impulsiveness that characterizes people with gambling disorders and addictions to psychoactive substances. A higher level of impulsiveness is closely related to the ability and willingness to take risks and make risky decisions in everyday situations. This affects daily behavior, leading to bad decisions, loss of the ability to control temptation, lowered willpower, and the difficulties caused by a reliance on substance use or gambling. These behaviors are closely associated with relapses and worse therapeutic outcomes (Lawrence et al., 2009). This highlights the importance of adopting a dimensional approach in the research and treatment of addiction disorders (Kovács et al., 2017). Some studies support the idea that delivering services to match patients’ needs improves treatment retention and outcome (Blaszczynski & Nower, 2002; Dąbrowska et al., 2017; Kelly et al., 2010; Reisinger et al., 2009).
Structural equation modeling of safety performance based on personality traits, job and organizational-related factors
Published in International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 2022
Fazel Rajabi, Hamidreza Mokarami, Rosanna Cousins, Mehdi Jahangiri
Impulsiveness is a personality trait characterized by the tendency to act rashly and take unplanned action as a response to internal and external stimuli regardless of consideration of the consequences of behaviors [41,42]. This personality trait has been examined in previous studies as a predictor of behaviors such as violence, self-injury, drug abuse and some personality disorders [43–48]. Nevertheless, few studies have examined the ability of this personality trait to predict safety performance and occupational accidents. Hansen [7] introduced impulsiveness as an effective personality trait in occupational accidents. There is also evidence from a meta-analysis study that there is a direct relationship between impulsiveness (as a facet level of neuroticism) and unsafe behaviors [6]. Also, Toppazzini and Wiener [49] have recently investigated the correlation between impulsiveness and safety behaviors.
Distinctive clinical correlates of hazardous drinking
Published in Psychiatry and Clinical Psychopharmacology, 2019
Ok-Jin Jang, Seon-Choel Park, Se-Hoon Kim, Sung-Young Huh, Ji-Hoon Kim
The relationship between impulsiveness and alcohol consumption has been reported in human and animal research. In humans, impulsiveness has been associated with the initiation of alcohol use, current use, early indicators of alcohol problems and alcohol abuse [21]. Motor and non-planning impulsiveness have been correlated with the number of drinks per drinking occasion, and attentional impulsiveness have been correlated with the duration of drinking occasions. In a community sample of adult men and women, overall and three dimensions of impulsiveness (non-planning, attentional, and motor impulsiveness) independently predicted of alcohol consumption [22]. In our study, motor and non-planning impulsiveness were higher in HD than NHD group. However, only non-planning impulsiveness was a statistically significant factor in the regression analysis. Non-planning impulsiveness refers to a tendency not to plan ahead and is strongly related to non-compliance with norm and rules. Because it might be associated with less treatment compliance and more legal problems, it required further study.