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Applying Psychological Theories to Promote Healthy Lifestyles
Published in James M. Rippe, Lifestyle Medicine, 2019
Maryam Gholami, Cassandra Herman, Matthew Cole Ainsworth, Dori Pekmezi, Sarah Linke
When a person is inclined to adopt a particular health behavior, the intention has to be transformed into detailed action plans of when, where, and how to perform the desired action and into coping plans on how to overcome the barriers.123 Implementation intention122 is another form of planning strategy that typically requires that individuals specify their plans in an “if-then” format that explicitly links the anticipated situation to a specific response specified in the “then” part of the plan.
Self-paternalism
Published in Kalle Grill, Jason Hanna, The Routledge Handbook of the Philosophy of Paternalism, 2018
In cases where the temptation is not too intense, the agent may need nothing more than a little “nudge” in the right direction. In such cases, defaults can make a big difference. Though a peckish child might whine for a cookie if he sees a box on the counter, he might not think to ask for one if he encounters a snack tray loaded with fruit, cheese, and crackers instead. In the intrapersonal case, powerful defaults can often be created via implementation intentions. In forming an implementation intention, one settles on the “when, where, and how” of goal-directed action (Brandstätter, Lengfelder, and Gollwitzer 2001). For example, if one has the goal of getting a head start on a paper, one might settle on drafting an outline of the paper in one’s office right after one is done teaching and before one breaks for the day. This creates a default that cues one to appropriate action. This does not preclude the agent from reconsidering later; but, oftentimes, action on implementation intentions is automatic and reconsideration does not occur.
Psychological models in health and health care
Published in Devinder Rana, Dominic Upton, Psychology for Nurses, 2013
Several authors have claimed that the model accounts for the majority of intention and behaviour and additional factors would not lead to any additional predictive power of the model. On the other hand, however, several authors have suggested that there may be other factors that can add significantly to the model. These factors include: moral norms;anticipatory regret;self-identity;implementation intention.
Effects of assessment-oriented group action supported by a health professional on the physical function in community-dwelling older adults: a feasibility study
Published in Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 2022
Tomoyuki Shinohara, Kosuke Saida, Shigeya Tanaka, Kazuhiro Miyata, Tetsuya Yamagami
Self-efficacy has been suggested as a factor to obtain a healthy and happy life in older adults (Cha, Seo, and Sok, 2012). In a previous study, behavior change linked to physical activity was mediated by self-efficacy and self-regulation, while the latter was mediated by self-efficacy (Anderson, Winett, Wojcik, and Williams, 2010). Implementation intention that helped individuals plan when and where they would enact a specific behavior was an effective behavior change technique for individuals who had strong self-efficacy (Kompf, 2020). Therefore, it is important to increase self-efficacy to change behavior. One previous study found that to increase self-efficacy in older adults, interventions that incorporated elements from the fields of stress management, cognitive-behavioral therapy, and positive psychology were useful (Scult et al., 2015). Among the psychological techniques that could increase self-efficacy, the interventions that included feedback on past or others’ performance led to higher levels of self-efficacy (Ashford, Edmunds, and French, 2010).
Prospective Memory Training for Healthy Older Adults: A Systematic Review
Published in Clinical Gerontologist, 2022
Alex Pak Lik Tsang, Alma Au, Herman Hay Ming Lo
The most common internal strategy of the strategy-based training studies was the use of mental imagery (n = 7). Participants were often instructed to generate a mental image of performing the intended action (i.e., internal cueing) or the associated events (i.e., external cueing). In turn, that mental imagery was intended to strengthen the action-cue linkage to better detect the PM cue. Another variant of mental imagery employed in the studies was the method of loci (“loci” is the Latin word for places) (n = 2). Participants were trained to generate a visuospatial image of a familiar place that contained all of the target objects to be memorized. In addition, two studies utilized the implementation intention, which could strengthen the action-cue linkage by elaborate planning of an intention, usually in the form of “if X (target), then Y (action).” Another approach employed was to organize the PM target information during the encoding phase (n = 2), such as the peg-word system (n = 2), in which participants were instructed to associate the target information with ordered systems (numbers, alphabets). Two studies used an active monitoring strategy, in which paying close attention was expected to divert additional attentional resources during the PM cue retrieval phase. Apart from the mental imagery technique, three studies incorporated mental rehearsal. Participants were instructed to mentally rehearse the target information for progressively longer intervals, in order to achieve a longer span in the PM cue retention phase.
Effects of implementation intentions on subthreshold binge eating
Published in Eating Disorders, 2022
Jorg Tanis, Maartje S. Vroling, Carolien Martijn, Leila A. van Heijningen, Joyce Maas, Ger P. J. Keijsers
The first session (Day 8) started with participants describing in detail a typical, recent binge. To gain insight into the eating behavior, therapists and participants continued the session by studying the food dairy of the previous week. Next, participants were instructed to form a goal regarding refraining from binge eating (e.g., “Starting today, I will eat healthy and have no more binges”). After writing the goal down twice, sessions in the control condition ended with participants being asked to concentrate, imagine carrying out the goal, and read it aloud three times. Both implementation intention conditions continued with setting up implementation intentions on how to achieve the goal.