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Personality and stress
Published in Tony Cassidy, Stress, Cognition and Health, 2023
Although this model is based on empirical evidence, it is hard to see what it adds to explanations of the stress process. Perhaps the important core of this research is the evidence for a relationship between one’s emotionality and stress. It appears that the key to being healthy is to be in control of one’s emotions. The emotionality element draws heavily on Eysenck’s model of neuroticism and can be best viewed as an outcome of the cognitive appraisal process discussed in the next chapter. The authors bring into their description of the four types the concepts of control, hopelessness, helplessness and approach-avoidance tendencies. These are all concepts that have been explored from a cognitive perspective and are discussed in the next chapter.
Theoretical Underpinnings of Parent-Led Interventions to Treat Psychopathology in Children
Published in Cathy Laver-Bradbury, Margaret J.J. Thompson, Christopher Gale, Christine M. Hooper, Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 2021
Catherine Thompson, Margaret J.J. Thompson, Cathy Laver-Bradbury
Aspects that are less controllable in the child are: TemperamentEmotionality – how quickly, how fast and how much a child physiologically responds to emotional triggers. High emotionality, with high/over-sensitivity and minute-to-minute fluctuations, is a feature of people with ADHD.Reactive control – the child’s internal capacity for holding that emotion and coping with it until it recedes with time, without needing to externalise it as behaviour that might have negative consequences.Effortful control – bottom-up control that is driven by the emotional system.Inattention – whether a child is aroused enough and maintains that arousal high enough to remain alert to changes in their emotional and physical environment.Impulsivity – how aware a child is of the link between their sensory systems, sub- and fully conscious thought processes and behavioural reactions so they can stop themselves reacting without thinking beforehand.
Exploring Indigenous Spanish Personality Constructs with a Combined Emic-Etic Approach
Published in J.-C. Lasry, J. Adair, K. Dion, Latest Contributions to Cross-Cultural Psychology, 2020
Positive and Negative Affect have been repeatedly related to individual differences in Extroversion and Neuroticism —or Positive and Negative Emotionality— (Meyer & Shack, 1989; Watson & Clark, 1992). Personality correlates of Pleasantness and Engagement have also been established, although to a less significant extent: Global measures of life satisfaction, subjective well-being, and happiness have been related to affects from the Pleasantness octant of the circumplex (Pavot & Diener, 1993), and individual differences in depression, for instance, are found to align with the Unpleasant octant (Watson, Clark, & Carey, 1988). Significant correspondences have also been found between Engagement and the personality dispositions of high affect intensity (Larsen & Diener, 1987) and high activity level (Buss & Plomin, 1984), and between affects from the Disengagement octant and the personality disposition of high emotional control (Watson & Greer, 1983).
Associations of personality traits with night eating among students in health sciences who live in a post-conflict setting
Published in Chronobiology International, 2023
Vojkan Aleksic, Marija Milic, Biljana Jeremic, Milos Gasic, Jelena Dotlic, Jasmina Stevanovic, Aleksandra Arsovic, Tatjana Gazibara
The HEXACO-60 questionnaire is a personality trait inventory which has 60 items and five possible responses answers from 1 – strongly disagree to 5 – strongly agree (Ashton and Lee 2009). It is used to describe personality characteristics through six dimensions: Honesty-Humility, Emotionality, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness and Openness to Experience. Honesty-Humility dimension refers to the avoidance of manipulation of others to achieve personal gains, abiding rules and feelings of entitlement. Emotionality dimension refers to feelings of fear when being in danger, coping with stresses, needing emotional support from others and feelings of empathy. Extraversion dimension accounts for self-reflection, confidence in leadership, taking pleasure from social interactions as well as enthusiasm and vitality. Agreeableness dimension refers to the individual’s capacity for forgiveness, tolerance and cooperation. Conscientiousness dimension reflects self-efficacy in terms of personal organization, diligence, ambition and prudence. Openness to Experience dimension accounts for the capacity to enjoy art and nature, curiosity, creativity and standing out from the conventional norms.
Do State and Trait Affect Measures Retain Their Measurement Properties during a Disaster? An Investigation of Measurement Invariance during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Published in Journal of Personality Assessment, 2023
Mariah T. Hawes, Thomas M. Olino, Daniel N. Klein
The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has disrupted the lives of individuals across the globe in a myriad of, primarily, harmful ways (e.g., illness, loss of life, unemployment, social isolation). Emotions are an important source of information about internal conditions and changing demands in the environment, such as unmet needs or potential threats, so it is unsurprising that psychologists have begun to explore the impact of the pandemic on emotionality. For example, a longitudinal study following Chinese undergraduate students across winter 2019-2020 reported increased levels of negative affect from before to 2 weeks into home confinement orders (Li et al., 2020). Another study compared groups of Spanish undergraduate students assessed at different periods leading up to and during home confinement orders. They found that the group assessed 2 weeks before confinement reported higher positive affect than the groups assessed 1 week before confinement and during the first few weeks of confinement (Fernández-Abascal & Martín-Díaz, 2021).
Difficulties in Emotion Regulation and Sexual Functioning in Sports Practitioners: A Pilot Study
Published in International Journal of Sexual Health, 2023
Maria Manuela Peixoto, Fábio Sousa
In the context of physical activity and athletic performance, studies on mental health are still scarce (Rice et al., 2016). On the one hand, empirical studies have shown that psychopathological symptoms and distress are prevalent among elite athletes (Åkesdotter et al., 2020; Foskett & Longstaff, 2018; Reardon et al., 2019) and college student-athletes (Egan, 2019), with significant levels of depression, anxiety, and psychological distress reported in samples of elite athletes (Foskett & Longstaff, 2018). On the other hand, exercise appears to act as a buffer for mental health problems (Chekroud et al., 2018; Ten Have et al., 2011), but it remains unclear whether there is a true causal relationship (Ten Have et al., 2011). Also, longer exercise participation is not positively associated with fewer psychological problems in individuals who exercise extremely frequently (i.e., more than 23 times/month or more than 90 minutes/session) (Chekroud et al., 2018). Research on the psychological processes and mechanisms involved in the effects of physical activity and exercise on mood and mental health is mainly related to increasing individuals’ self-efficacy or promoting distraction from current negative emotionality (Mikkelsen et al., 2017). Thus, distraction from current negative emotionality can be understood as an adaptive or maladaptive emotion regulation strategy when it is associated with acceptance or avoidance of the current emotional experience, respectively (Wolgast & Lundh, 2017).