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Stress and Parenting
Published in Marc H. Bornstein, Psychological Insights for Understanding COVID-19 and Families, Parents, and Children, 2020
Keith A. Crnic, Shayna S. Coburn
The psychobiology of parenting stress is a nascent area of study, but one that holds great promise for understanding the mechanisms through which parenting stress maintains itself over time, influences parental behavioral and emotional responsivity to children, and affects children’s developmental well-being.
The Functions of Dreams
Published in Milton Kramer, The Dream Experience, 2013
The emotional responsivity of the dreamer to the dream experience is another factor reflecting the activity of the integrative function of dreaming. Those with nightmares are described by others as more responsive and frightened during sleep, apparently in reaction to the dream experience.
Effects of adverse childhood experiences on partnered sexual arousal appear context dependent
Published in Sexual and Relationship Therapy, 2023
N. Prause, H. Cohen, G. J. Siegle
All study procedures were continuously approved by the University of Pittsburgh Institutional Review Board. All methods were carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations. Volunteers were contacted by phone and screened for inclusion criteria (see Participants). Each identified their intended partner by name, who volunteered independently and also provided that person’s name. They were scheduled for one, three-hour session in a private environment. After providing informed consent, in which participants were reminded they could end the experiment at any point, including during the practice, they completed a series of questionnaires assessing demographics, sexual history, experience with OM, mental health, emotional attachment, and current feelings of closeness to their OM partner, closeness to others, and emotions. They then donned equipment for assessment of electroencephalography. They completed a series of three computer tasks, one assessing their emotional responsivity, a persistent vigilance task, and a paced serial addition task. Results of the physiology and tasks will be reported elsewhere.
Acute stress reduces reward-related neural activity: Evidence from the reward positivity
Published in Stress, 2021
Kreshnik Burani, Austin Gallyer, Jon Ryan, Carson Jordan, Thomas Joiner, Greg Hajcak
Moreover, we examined whether depressive symptoms moderated the impact of acute stress on neural measures of reward processing. Although the overall interaction was not significant, simple slope analyses suggested that the RewP was blunted in the acute stress condition compared to the control condition in individuals who reported low, but not average or high, depressive symptoms. A lack of responsivity across the acute stress and control conditions in the high depressed group is consistent with the emotional context insensitivity (ECI) hypothesis of depression, insofar as depressed individuals appear less able to modulate emotional responsivity (Rottenberg et al., 2005). Although these potential moderator effects could shed light on who is most likely to experience stress-induced reductions in reward-related neural activity, these effects require replication given the small sample size for between-subjects associations. Finally, as noted in footnote #2, there was no effect of gender on the results, suggesting that acute stress similarly impacted reward processing in both men and women. These results differ from a previous fMRI study that showed acute stress may differentially impact reward-related brain regions in males and females (Lighthall et al., 2012). Therefore, future research with larger samples is needed to resolve these inconsistent findings.
A Narrative Coherence Standard for the Evaluation of Decisional Capacity: Turning Back the Clock
Published in AJOB Neuroscience, 2020
Manuel Trachsel, Paul S. Appelbaum
Putting aside these specific cases, there are indeed clinical situations in which the current criteria for decisional capacity seem at first sight to be insufficient. As an example, it is known that emotions have a crucial function in decision making. For instance, patients with lesions in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex, described at length by Antonio Damasio (see Appelbaum, 1998; Damasio, 1994), seem to lack the emotional responsivity that would allow appropriate decisions to be made. Tranel, Bechara, and Denburg (2002) have described cases in which, after tumors had been resected from the frontal lobe, patients showed a lack of emotional processing and at the same time, intact cognitive functioning. “Despite their fully restored intellectual capacities, these patients make disastrous decisions in complex everyday situations by virtue of their “hard-wired” inability to incorporate affective cues into their decision-making process” (Hermann et al. 2016, 3). As one of us has argued elsewhere (Appelbaum, 1998), however, it has never been clear that these people would not be identified as decisionally incapable under current criteria, nor that the problem is common enough and the relevant impairment in emotional capacity can be defined with sufficient clarity and assessed with adequate reliability to warrant incorporation into the traditional set of criteria for decisional competence.