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Immunosuppressants, rheumatic and gastrointestinal topics
Published in Evelyne Jacqz-Aigrain, Imti Choonara, Paediatric Clinical Pharmacology, 2021
Evelyne Jacqz-Aigrain, Imti Choonara
The prevalence rate of depression is 2% in children (5 to 8% in adolescents). Two different types of depression are generally distinguished: major depressive episode and dysthymic disorder. A major depressive episode is defined by the presence of specific signs of depression (depressed mood, loss of pleasure, sleep disorders, change in appetite, etc.) over a period of at least two weeks. A dysthymic disorder is a chronic mood disorder, characterised by mild to moderate symptoms of depression. A double depression is characterised by the joint presence of both disorders. Findings from the pharmacotherapy of depression in children are far from complete and concern almost exclusively major depressive episodes [12,13].
Clinical Theory and Skills EMIs
Published in Michael Reilly, Bangaru Raju, Extended Matching Items for the MRCPsych Part 1, 2018
Bipolar I Disorder.Bipolar II Disorder.Bipolar Disorder NOS*.Cyclothymic Disorder.Depressive Disorder NOS*.Dysthymic Disorder.Hypomanic Episode.Major Depressive Episode.Major Depressive Disorder.Manic Episode.Mixed Episode.Substance-induced Mood Disorder.
Adolescent depression
Published in MS Thambirajah, Case Studies in Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 2018
A sub-type of depression is dysthymic disorder. Dysthymic disorder is diagnosed when there is depressed mood that lasts a year or longer, with symptom-free intervals lasting for no more than 2 months. The condition is chronic and many adolescents who have dysthymia subsequently develop a major depressive episode (double depression). However, longitudinal studies have shown that in children there is much overlap of major depression and dysthymia.
Adolescents With Non-Suicidal Self-Harm—Who Among Them Has Attempted Suicide?
Published in Archives of Suicide Research, 2023
Sudan Prasad Neupane, Lars Mehlum
Diagnoses were made through a Norwegian version of the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children-Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL; Kaufman et al., 1997), and the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID-II; First, Gibbon, Spitzer, Benjamin, & Williams, 1997) was used to diagnose BPD. “Any depressive disorder” comprised major depressive disorder, dysthymic disorder, and depressive disorder not otherwise specified. The level of borderline symptoms was assessed through the 23-item self-report Borderline Symptom List (BSL-23; Bohus et al., 2007). Global level of functioning in the range of 0 to 100 was determined by using the Children’s Global Assessment Scale (C-GAS; Shaffer et al., 1983). Hopelessness was measured through the 20-item self-report Beck Hopelessness Scale (Beck, Weissman, Lester, & Trexler, 1974). The 15-item self-report Suicidal Ideation Questionnaire (SIQ-JR) was used to measure severity of suicidal ideation on a 7-point scale from “never had this thought” to “almost every day” (Reynolds & Mazza, 1999). Reasons for living were measured through the Brief Reasons for Living Inventory for Adolescents (BRFL-A; Osman et al., 1996). As previously reported, the instruments showed good to excellent reliability (Ramleth, Groholt, Diep, Walby, & Mehlum, 2017).
Icelandic translation and reliability data on the DSM-5 version of the schedule for affective disorders and schizophrenia for school-aged children – present and lifetime version (K-SADS-PL)
Published in Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, 2020
Ólafur Þórðarson, Friðrik Már Ævarsson, Sigríður Helgadóttir, Bertrand Lauth, Inga Wessman, Steinunn Anna Sigurjónsdóttir, Orri Smárason, Harpa Hrönn Harðardóttir, Gudmundur Skarphedinsson
The 2013 publication of the DSM-5 included important changes to the classification of psychiatric disorders. Listing all of them would exceed the scope of this paper (for a more thorough account of the changes made in the DSM-5, see the report issued by the Substance Abuse and Mental Service Administration) [8]. However, several changes that may directly affect the diagnosis of psychiatric disorders in children follow here. Dysthymic disorder was renamed persistent depressive disorder (PDD) and major depessive disorder (MDD) was added as a specifier to the overruling PDD diagnosis. [8,9]. A new addition with the DSM-5, disruptive mood dysregulation disorder (DMDD), is characterized by frequent and severe outbursts of temper and chronic irritability between outbursts over a period of 12 months. This diagnosis cannot coexist with oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) [9]. Research has indicated the diagnostic frequency of ODD has diminished in favour of DMDD due to similar diagnostic criteria [8,10,11]. Major changes were also made to the autism spectrum disorder (ASD). In the DSM-5, there are no diagnostic subcategories of ASD. Diagnostic criteria also underwent significant changes. Comorbidities with other disorders (such as ADHD) are also recognized [12].
Clinical characteristics of poly-drug abuse among heroin dependents and association with other psychopathology in compulsory isolation treatment settings in China
Published in International Journal of Psychiatry in Clinical Practice, 2018
Mei Yang, Shu-Cai Huang, Yan-Hui Liao, Yi-Ming Deng, Hai-Yan Run, Ping-Liang Liu, Xiong-Wen Liu, Tie-Bang Liu, Shui-Yuan Xiao, Wei Hao
For the association of polydrug abuse and depressive personality disorder, comparisons to other studies are limited because lack of comparable studies. We noticed that there exists a long-standing debate on whether depressive personality disorder is conceptually distinct from the dysthymia diagnosis in axis-I disorder, since these two disorders are highly overlapped and both constructed with chronic, low-level and subthreshold depressions (Huprich, Porcerelli, Keaschuk, Binienda, & Engle, 2008; Rhebergen et al., 2012; Ryder, Schuller, & Bagby, 2006); Previous research had found a range of 18 to 95% overlap of depressive personality and dysthymic disorder. Despite debate exists, evidence had still shown distinctiveness in constructs between the two disorders (Huprich et al., 2008; Huprich, 2009; Markowitz et al., 2005; Ryder et al., 2006), and in this current study, the overlap level were relatively low (14.3% [9/63] of dysthymia among subjects with depressive personality disorder and 20.5% [9/44] of depressive personality disorder among subjects with dysthymia, respectively; unpublished results). Thus, we hold the opinion that depressive personality and dysthymic disorder are differentiated entities, although closely related, and depressive personality disorder to be independent predictors of polydrug abuse in this study is implicative for treatment. This study showed nominal associations of polydrug abuse and lifetime major depressive and dysthymic disorders in univariate while not multivariate analyses, suggesting an apparent relation of axis-I mood disorders to polydrug abuse that may root from depressive personality disorder.