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Depression, Anxiety, Stress, and Spirituality in Cardiovascular Disease
Published in Stephen T. Sinatra, Mark C. Houston, Nutritional and Integrative Strategies in Cardiovascular Medicine, 2022
Erminia Guarneri, Shyamia Stone
According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), depression as a disorder may be classified as Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder, Major Depressive Disorder, Persistent Depressive Disorder (Dysthymia), or Depressive Disorder Due to Another Medical Condition.8 The most commonly studied clinical diagnosis of depression related to CVD is Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). Diagnostic criteria for MDD can be found in Table 19.1.
Psychological Disorders
Published in Mohamed Ahmed Abd El-Hay, Understanding Psychology for Medicine and Nursing, 2019
Mood disorders are a group of psychological disturbances in which the central symptom is persistent disturbance of mood that is usually accompanied by other characteristic symptoms that cause psychological discomfort, impaired ability to function, or both. Mood disorders in DSM-5 involve one of two large categories: bipolar and related disorders (in which the individual at least has an episode of mania or hypomania that may or may not alternate with episodes of depression, usually with a return to normal mood between the two extremes), or depressive disorders (in which the individual has one or more periods of depression without a history of manic episodes), e.g., major depressive disorder, dysthymia, premenstrual dysphoric disorder, and disruptive mood dysregulation disorder.
Benefits of Meditation and Yoga in Clinically Depressed Patients
Published in Anne George, Snigdha S. Babu, M. P. Ajithkumar, Sabu Thomas, Holistic Healthcare. Volume 2: Possibilities and Challenges, 2019
Madhuri Tolahunase, Rajesh Sagar, Rima Dada
Depression is a complex heterogeneous disorder comprising phenotypes with varying degrees of liability for affective, cognitive, neurovegetative, and psychomotor alterations. It is associated with an increased risk of developing chronic noncommunicable disease conditions such as diabetes mellitus, heart disease, and stroke.1 In addition, patients with depression are almost 20-fold more likely to die by suicide than the general population.2 According to new estimates by the World Health Organization, depression is the largest disability worldwide with the number of people living with depression increasing by over 18% between 2005 and 2015. Depression is twice as common in female as in men.3 Depression has been estimated to have a prevalence in children of 2.5% and in adolescents of 4–8%.4 There is a broad spectrum of depressive disorders (DDs) characterized by the presence of sad, empty, or irritable mood and varying degrees of other somatic and cognitive changes. According to the American Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition,5 disturbance of mood is the predominant feature of mood disorders. They are further divided into major DD (MDD), disruptive mood dysregulation disorder (for children aged up to 18 years), persistent DD (dysthymia; DD), premenstrual dysphoric disorder, substance-induced DD, DD due to another medical condition, as well as other and unspecified DD categories for subsyndromal cases that do not fulfill the criteria for MDD or DD. MDD is characterized by one or more major depressive episodes (MDEs)—a discrete period during which an individual experiences clear-cut changes in affect, cognition, and neurovegetative functions to a moderate degree for 2 weeks or longer with a diminution of their previous level of functioning. MDD is a highly prevalent disorder. The most recent global estimates of the prevalence were 16.2% for lifetime and 6.6% for the 12 months before the survey.6
Emotional and cognitive conflict resolution and disruptive mood dysregulation disorder in adolescent offspring of parents diagnosed with major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, and matched healthy controls
Published in Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, 2021
Zehra Topal, Nuran Demir, Evren Tufan, Taha Can Tuman, Bengi Semerci
Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder (DMDD) is a relatively new diagnosis listed in the fifth version of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) and is characterized by chronic irritability and frequent severe temper outbursts [31]. Children who experienced chronic irritability and anger outbursts were mostly considered as pediatric manifestations of bipolar disorder in the recent past, however, longitudinal studies have shown that chronic irritability is associated with unipolar depression and anxiety disorder in adulthood. As a result of these studies, DMDD is placed under the title of depressive related disorders in DSM 5. However, DMDD diagnosis and its relationship with mood disorders are still controversial. DMDD and its correlates among offspring of parents with mood disorders is relatively less studied although available data suggest that it may be more closely related with MDD [32]. Therefore, in this study we aimed to evaluate;Cognitive and emotional conflict resolution skills as indicators of cognitive and emotional flexibility, which were claimed to have roles in the etiologies of mood disorders and irritabilityThe rate of psychopathologies, especially DMDD, in high-risk adolescents (children of parents with mood disorders) in comparison with the children of healthy parents.
Icelandic translation and reliability data on the DSM-5 version of the schedule for affective disorders and schizophrenia for school-aged children – present and lifetime version (K-SADS-PL)
Published in Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, 2020
Ólafur Þórðarson, Friðrik Már Ævarsson, Sigríður Helgadóttir, Bertrand Lauth, Inga Wessman, Steinunn Anna Sigurjónsdóttir, Orri Smárason, Harpa Hrönn Harðardóttir, Gudmundur Skarphedinsson
The 2013 publication of the DSM-5 included important changes to the classification of psychiatric disorders. Listing all of them would exceed the scope of this paper (for a more thorough account of the changes made in the DSM-5, see the report issued by the Substance Abuse and Mental Service Administration) [8]. However, several changes that may directly affect the diagnosis of psychiatric disorders in children follow here. Dysthymic disorder was renamed persistent depressive disorder (PDD) and major depessive disorder (MDD) was added as a specifier to the overruling PDD diagnosis. [8,9]. A new addition with the DSM-5, disruptive mood dysregulation disorder (DMDD), is characterized by frequent and severe outbursts of temper and chronic irritability between outbursts over a period of 12 months. This diagnosis cannot coexist with oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) [9]. Research has indicated the diagnostic frequency of ODD has diminished in favour of DMDD due to similar diagnostic criteria [8,10,11]. Major changes were also made to the autism spectrum disorder (ASD). In the DSM-5, there are no diagnostic subcategories of ASD. Diagnostic criteria also underwent significant changes. Comorbidities with other disorders (such as ADHD) are also recognized [12].
Review of the clinical approach to the treatment of disruptive mood dysregulation disorder
Published in International Review of Psychiatry, 2020
Brian Hendrickson, Mahlet Girma, Leslie Miller
Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder (DMDD), a relatively new diagnosis in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-V), is characterized by severe non-episodic irritability and recurrent outbursts in youth ages 6–17. The conceptualization of children with dysregulated mood has evolved in recent years. Central to this issue has been the controversy regarding the surge in youth receiving a diagnosis of bipolar disorder. From the mid-1990s to 2000s, the percentage of paediatric bipolar disorder (PBD) diagnoses and rates of atypical antipsychotic prescriptions increased (Moreno et al., 2007; Olfson, Blanco, Liu, Moreno, & Laje, 2006). Concerns about the rise of PBD diagnoses and morbidity associated with these prescribing practices prompted further exploration by clinicians and researchers in child and adolescent mental health.