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Healing at Fann Hospital
Published in Alice Bullard, Spiritual and Mental Health Crisis in Globalizing Senegal, 2022
Yet starting in the 1960s, research led by Norman Sartorious at the World Health Organization (WHO) undertook the creation of a systematized, universal language for mental health diagnosis and treatment. This campaign for international psychiatry has enjoyed many successes, and has positioned a newly universalized language of psychiatric care as the accredited, scientific medium (De Girolamo Girolamo et al. 1989, but see criticism by Kleinman 1987; Watters 2010). A new orthodoxy, this time geared toward the needs of “universal scientific research and a universal language of psychiatry” (and, within the global marketplace, of the pharmaceutical industries and insurance companies) replaced the imperial orthodoxy of French supremacy. The DSM-III was first published in 1980 (Kirk and Kutchin 1992). The international classification of mental and behavioural disorders: clinical descriptions and diagnostic guidelines, known more commonly as the ICD 10, appeared in 1992 (Jablensky 1999). Efforts at the Fann Hospital and the resurgence of traditional healing challenged this post-colonial, globalized, techno-scientific hegemony.
Terminology, Definitions, Classification of Abused Substances, and Diagnostic Criteria
Published in Frank Lynn Iber, Alcohol and Drug Abuse as Encountered in Office Practice, 2020
DSM III-R is the best available reference for precise diagnosis, and is increasingly being used by agencies dealing with psychiatric diseases and their costs. Internists and family medicine specialists are often a bit less familiar with this source and the diagnostic criteria. The examples in Figures 1 and 2 illustrate that this guide is very practical and easy to apply.
Diagnosis of Addictions
Published in Hanna Pickard, Serge H. Ahmed, The Routledge Handbook of Philosophy and Science of Addiction, 2019
Marc Auriacombe, Fuschia Serre, Cécile Denis, Mélina Fatséas
Changes in the concept of addiction have led to the evolution of its definition and its diagnostic criteria, as reflected by the successive and revised editions of the DSM since its first publication in 1952. The last edition was published in May 2013, nearly 20 years after the previous edition, the DSM-IV, published in 1994.
A Crosswalk Study of DSM-IV and DSM-5 Criteria for PTSD from the DSM-5 Field Trials
Published in Psychiatry, 2022
Carol S. North, Alina M. Surís, Diana Clarke, Jayme M. Palka, Lamyaa Yousif, Darrel A. Regier
Although DSM-III-R and DSM-IV made extensive changes to the PTSD criteria, DSM-5 made even more revisions (North et al., 2016). The two most substantive changes from DSM-IV to DSM-5 were: 1) removal of the A2 criterion that required an individual reaction involving intense fear, helplessness, or horror and 2) increase in the number of symptom groups from 3 to 4 (by splitting the DSM-IV avoidance/numbing symptom group to create an avoidance-only group, absorbing the numbing symptoms into a new symptom group for negative alternations in cognitions and mood criteria, to yield criteria B-D in DSM-IV and B-E in DSM-5; Stein et al., 2014). Many other changes to the criteria in DSM-5 included addition of an exposure category (repeated or extreme exposure to aversive details of trauma, largely for experiences of workers in certain occupations), removal and addition of other symptoms, a new requirement that the disorder is not due to physiological effects of substances or medical conditions, rewording of criteria, and clarification of criteria in the accompanying text, as described as in detail elsewhere (North et al., 2016, 2021).
Is pharmacotherapy useful for treating personality disorders?
Published in Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy, 2021
Jutta Stoffers-Winterling, Birgit Völlm, Klaus Lieb
It remains to be seen if, how, where, and when this quite radical transformation of the diagnostic system will be adopted in clinical settings, and if the research will embrace these new concepts or continue to be guided by the conventional PD diagnoses of DSM-III to DSM-5. In any case, we observe ‘research fatigue’ in the field of PD drug treatment research. Even for the so far most studied antisocial and borderline PD, it seems to stagnate, while the psychotherapy evidence is rapidly accumulating. As effective specialist psychotherapies are now available [16], the role of pharmacotherapy has diminished. However, the introduction of dimensional diagnostic models may stimulate pharmacological research again using a transdiagnostic perspective of targeting symptom clusters within and across disorders.
Integrative CBT for anxiety disorders: an evidence-based approach to enhancing cognitive behavioral therapy with mindfulness and hypnotherapy
Published in American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis, 2020
One criticism of the work is the dutiful adherence to DSM-V. Beginning with DSM-III in the early eighties, clinical researchers engaged in considerable splitting of disorders into separate groups. This gave rise to numerous disorder-specific treatment manuals, along with disorder-specific randomized controlled trials of therapies and psychiatric medications. However, individual patients seen in consultation rooms are rarely as straightforward as those recruited into clinical trials. DSM-V diagnoses may be useful as a jumping off point for identifying potential therapeutic approaches but they rarely tell the whole story. The richness of Alladin’s work lies in identifying the common elements shared by anxiety disorders such as avoidance of fear-producing stimuli and the emotional, cognitive, and physical elements of anxiety itself.