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Juvenile Disruptive Behaviour Disorders
Published in Cathy Laver-Bradbury, Margaret J.J. Thompson, Christopher Gale, Christine M. Hooper, Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 2021
Parenting practices and attitudes will affect children with CD and ODD. Positive parenting practices foster good self-esteem, confidence and problem-solving techniques in children, whilst inconsistent, negative or ‘coercive’ parenting fosters the opposite. Children need predictability from parents, together with consistent, clear and understandable limits. Inconsistent parenting is often present in families with a conduct disordered child, e.g. extremes of lax to harsh and unpredictable discipline, with the child not knowing from one day to the next what is expected from him or what punishment will follow, should he transgress that day’s rules. Any factors that add to stress and unpredictability in parenting will make clear and consistent parenting more difficult to implement. Parental mental illness has been shown to correlate with conduct disorder in children (Kazdin, 1997).
Substance misuse and comorbid psychiatric disorders
Published in Ilana B. Crome, Richard Williams, Roger Bloor, Xenofon Sgouros, Substance Misuse and Young People, 2019
Some distinct differences exist between girls and boys who have conduct disorder and SUD. Girls seem to show more running away and depression. However, boys show more aggression, including stealing, destruction of property, weapon fights, breaking and entering and torturing animals (Riggs et al., 1995). It seems that adolescents who develop conduct disorder before they develop an SUD have a poorer prognosis than do those who develop conduct disorder while they have an SUD (Myers et al., 1998). However, the presence of internalising disorders can buffer the effects of externalising disorders on juvenile offenders (Randall et al., 1999).
Psychological Disorders
Published in Mohamed Ahmed Abd El-Hay, Understanding Psychology for Medicine and Nursing, 2019
Conduct disorder is defined as a repetitive and persistent pattern of behavior in which the basic rights of others or important age-appropriate societal norms or rules are violated. Disordered behaviors include aggression toward people or animals, destruction of property, deceitfulness, theft, or serious violations of rules (e.g., school truancy, running away from home overnight). Conduct disorder is the childhood equivalent of adult antisocial personality disorder. It is a common disorder in child outpatient psychiatric clinics and is frequently seen comorbid with ADHD or learning disorders. Parental separation or divorce, parental substance abuse, severely poor or inconsistent parenting, and association with a delinquent peer group have been shown to have some relationship to the development of conduct disorder.
Latent triple trajectories of substance use as predictors for the onset of antisocial personality disorder among urban African American and Puerto Rican adults: A 22-year longitudinal study
Published in Substance Abuse, 2022
Jung Yeon Lee, Kerstin Pahl, Wonkuk Kim
Antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) is a disorder characterized by an enduring pattern of behaviors showing a lack of regard for the rights of others. Its onset is typically in childhood in the form of conduct disorder and it continues through adolescence and adulthood. ASPD typically peaks during young adulthood and into the early forties (ages 24–44).1 It is estimated that 0.2−3.3% of the population are affected by ASPD1; however, estimates vary markedly by gender as well as population. For example, ASPD is diagnosed more frequently in men than in women.2 Population estimate for men was 5.5%; for women, it was 1.9%.3 In terms of race/ethnicity, the prevalence of personality disorders including ASPD among African Americans (14.7%) was somewhat lower than among Latinos (17.2%).4 ASPD incurs a high cost to society due to the high risk of violent and nonviolent offending behaviors associated with this personality disorder,5 thus making the examination of the etiology and the onset of ASPD an important public health concern.
Adult antisocial behavior and its relationship to the diagnosis of antisocial personality disorder in a longitudinal study of homelessness
Published in Journal of Social Distress and Homelessness, 2021
Vinay S. Kotamarti, Carol S. North, David E. Pollio
The characteristic features of antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) are violation of the rights of others and lack of conformity to social norms (Robins & Regier, 1991). The disorder begins in childhood with conduct disorder manifested by a variety of behavior problems at home and at school and continues into adulthood with failure to conform to social norms pertaining to work, family, and personal relationships (Robins & Regier, 1991). The general population lifetime prevalence of antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) has been estimated between 2.6 and 3.6%, with higher rates in men (4.5–5.8%) than in women (0.8–1.9%) (Compton, Conway, Stinson, Colliver, & Grant, 2005; Kessler et al., 1994; Robins & Regier, 1991). ASPD disproportionately affects the homeless population, with lifetime rates estimated to be 21–22% of men and 10% of women (Koegel, Burnam, & Farr, 1988; North, Smith, & Spitznagel, 1993). Members of homeless populations with ASPD have earlier onset and greater chronicity of homelessness (North, Pollio, Smith, & Spitznagel, 1998).
Psychometric properties of the Weiss Functional Impairment Rating Scale parent and self-reports in a Norwegian clinical sample of adolescents treated for ADHD
Published in Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, 2021
Anne-Lise Juul Haugan, Anne Mari Sund, Per Hove Thomsen, Stian Lydersen, Torunn Stene Nøvik
The evaluation of functional impairment in addition to symptoms is imperative for identifying ADHD, guiding treatment planning and evaluating outcome. The aim of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Norwegian version of the WFIRS-S and WFIRS-P in an adolescent ADHD population. A second aim was to examine the questionnaires` clinical utility in the assessment of functional impairment in this patient group. Overall, the findings support the scale construction, the internal reliability and divergent validity of the Norwegian adaptation of both the WFIRS-S and the WFIRS-P. However, the fit of the model was not optimal. When we examined the score distribution of the items in the WFIRS questionnaires, four items were removed from the WFIRS-P and twelve items were removed from the WFIRS-S due to the high rate of ‘not applicable’ responses and/or a ‘floor effect’. These items were mainly from the family, work and risk domains and were considered ‘not applicable’ largely because of the young age of our sample (mean age 15.4 years). Many of the behavior and risk-related items are considered more relevant for adolescents with conduct disorders, a group underrepresented in our study population. Knowing that the inclusion of these items would improve the instruments clinical value when relevant, led us to keep them in the Norwegian version.