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Akili: A Novel Approach to Clinical Intervention with Digital Therapeutics
Published in Oleksandr Sverdlov, Joris van Dam, Digital Therapeutics, 2023
It has been shown that preserved cognitive functioning is an integral component of maintaining a healthy, active, and independent lifestyle (Bixter et al., 2018), and the loss of cognitive function is one of the most significant concerns for people as they age.5 While the prevalence and impact of cognitive impairments are escalating, treatment approaches for cognitive impairments have remained the same for decades.
Management of Neurologic and Psychiatric Illness in the Patient with Heart Failure
Published in Andreas P. Kalogeropoulos, Hal A. Skopicki, Javed Butler, Heart Failure, 2023
Evangelos Pavlos Myserlis, Grigorios Kalaitzidis
Regardless of the specific therapeutic option chosen, a multi-level approach to management of cognitive impairment is advised. Coordination at the healthcare system level should ideally aim at: inclusion of more “elderly friendly” approaches, with avoidance of certain medications and urinary catheters; implementation of a formal screening method that identifies and aids patients with cognitive impairment after discharge; and introduction of integrated models that involve both hospital and home care. At the patient level, identification and management of known risk factors, better educational strategies for cognitively impaired HF patients, and close monitoring of this subgroup of patients are equally important.32 Involvement of family members, caregivers, and other healthcare professionals is crucial in this regard. In conclusion, the management of cognitive impairment in patients with HF should aim to provide effective care both at the hospital and at the community level, by shifting the focus from individual approaches to system-level interventions, with the goal of improving outcomes.33
Caring for people with impaired mobility
Published in Nicola Neale, Joanne Sale, Developing Practical Nursing Skills, 2022
Rowena Slope, Katherine Hopkinson
Cognitive impairment is defined as a deficit in at least one cognitive domain (WHO 2017). These domains include sensation and perception; motor skills and construction; attention and concentration; memory; executive functioning; processing speed; and language/verbal skills (Harvey 2019). The most common causes of cognitive impairment are dementia as well as development disorders, head injuries and substance misuse. Around 50 million people around the world suffer from a form of dementia, and of these, around 60–70% of people are diagnosed with Alzheimer’s (WHO 2020c). People with Alzheimer’s are vulnerable to pressure ulcers because they may have communication problems and suffer from agitation or restlessness, leading to the display of repetitive movements (Alzheimer’s Society 2020). Someone with dementia including Alzheimer’s is likely to have other age-related risk factors.
“Hey, I’m still here!”: Maintaining, managing and rebuilding social connections after brain tumour
Published in Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 2023
Lee Cubis, Tamara Ownsworth, Mark B. Pinkham, Matthew Foote, Heather Green, Suzanne Chambers
In addition to posing a threat to life, brain tumour typically results in diverse functional impairments, or changes in physical, cognitive, emotional and behavioural functioning, that are confronting for the person with brain tumour and those around them with a higher symptom burden than most other common cancers (Lidstone et al., 2003). Commonly reported physical impairments include motor disturbance, weakness, headaches, seizures, and pain (Cormie, Nowak, Chambers, Galvão, & Newton, 2015; Gofton, Graber, & Carver, 2012). Further, up to 93% of people with brain tumour experience deficits of varying severity on neuropsychological tests (Dwan, Ownsworth, Chambers, Walker, & Shum, 2015; Robinson, Biggs, & Walker, 2015). Cognitive impairments include deficits in memory, attention, processing speed, language, visuo-spatial functioning, and executive functioning, as well as global cognitive decline (Dwan et al., 2015; Fox, Mitchell, & Booth-Jones, 2006). Emotional and behavioural changes include low mood, mood swings, anxiety, apathy, and reduced frustration tolerance (Arnold et al., 2008; Simpson et al., 2015).
The relationship between cadmium and cognition in the elderly: a systematic review
Published in Annals of Human Biology, 2023
Xueke Yang, Lijing Xi, Zhaoyan Guo, Li Liu, Zhiguang Ping
The strengths and significance of our study are as follows. This study systematically and comprehensively evaluated the existing literatures on the relationship between Cd and cognitive ability in the elderly, which had not been conducted in previous studies. A total of 10,396 subjects were involved in this study, covering many countries and regions, which can systematically and truly reflect the relationship between Cd and the elderly. Most of the original research aims to study the relationship between heavy metals and cognitive ability of the elderly. Therefore, regardless of whether the relationship between Cd and the elderly is statistically significant, it will be published, which greatly reduces publication bias (Lin and Chu 2018). Cognitive impairment in the elderly is a disease caused by a variety of complex factors. Understanding the relationship between Cd and cognitive impairment in the elderly is of great significance for the prevention, early diagnosis and symptomatic treatment of cognitive impairment in the elderly (Eshkoor et al. 2015; Kim et al. 2019).
Neuropsychological outcome of cognitive training in mild to moderate dementia: A randomized controlled trial
Published in Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 2021
Eeva-Liisa Kallio, Marja Hietanen, Hannu Kautiainen, Kaisu H. Pitkälä
Treatment modalities specifically designed to target cognitive impairment include general cognitive stimulation, practice-oriented cognitive training (CT), and individualized cognitive rehabilitation. (Clare & Woods, 2004) CT is a feasible, low-cost, and face-valid training method used in various rehabilitation contexts. It refers to a behavioural intervention strategy the objective of which is to remediate deterioration in memory, attention, and other cognitive domains using either restorative or compensatory methods. (Choi & Twamley, 2013; Clare & Woods, 2004; Mowszowski et al., 2010) When the aim is restorative, CT involves guided practice on various tasks reflecting specific cognitive functions. (Clare & Woods, 2004) Training is typically offered using predesigned paper-and-pencil exercises or computerized programmes with various levels of difficulty. Its effects on cognition and functional abilities have been widely studied and reviewed among healthy older adults, (Lampit et al., 2014; Reijnders et al., 2013; Smith et al., 2009; Willis et al., 2006) in minor neurocognitive disorders, (Huckans et al., 2013; Sherman et al., 2017) as well as in major neurocognitive disorders. (Bahar-Fuchs et al., 2019; Kallio et al., 2017b; Leung et al., 2015) The results for people with mild to moderate dementia have been mixed. Recent systematic reviews suggest little or no benefit of CT in dementia, however, the quality of evidence has typically been low. (Bahar-Fuchs et al., 2019; Kallio et al., 2017b)