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Mental, emotional and spiritual health
Published in Sally Robinson, Priorities for Health Promotion and Public Health, 2021
Sally Robinson, Athene Lane-Martin
People who experience chronic stress may feel overwhelmed, irritable, exhausted, have difficulty in concentrating and experience pain. The body is in a constant state of high alert, with raised heart rate and blood pressure causing wear and tear throughout the cardiovascular system (McEwen, 2008). Persistently raised cortisol leads to low-grade chronic inflammation which is associated with fatigue, depression, pain, the breakdown of muscle and bone, inflammatory autoimmune diseases such as arthritis, and it can interfere with a person’s ability to accurately appraise new situations, perhaps seeing them as fearful or threatening (Hannibal and Bishop, 2014). Chronic stress is associated with health-damaging behaviours such as smoking, eating too much, poor sleep and drinking excess alcohol (McEwen, 2008). Chronic stress alone does not cause cardiovascular disease, but where individuals already have early markers of the disease, stress can trigger the disease and encourage its progression (Kivimäki and Steptoe, 2018).
Work stress induced psychological disorders in construction
Published in Imriyas Kamardeen, Work Stress Induced Chronic Diseases in Construction, 2021
When stress is prolonged or too frequent (known as chronic stress), it makes changes in neuroendocrine, cardiovascular, autonomic and immunological functioning, leading to serious mental disorders and physical illnesses (Levy 2010; Landy and Conte 2006; Muchinsky 2006; Michie 2002).
A Patient’s Perspective on the Keys to Longevity 40 Years after Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery
Published in James M. Rippe, Lifestyle Medicine, 2019
There is growing evidence that chronic stress can directly penalize cardiovascular health by raising cholesterol and/or blood pressure, promoting coronary inflammation and triggering sudden cardiac death. While much more study needs to take place, there is great consensus about the indirect impact of daily stress: it can destroy healthy lifestyle habits. People under stress tend to smoke, eat a poor diet, and lead sedentary lives. More and more experts are now concluding that chronic stress may be the chief barrier to non-adherence to healthy habits, particularly diet and exercise.
Stressors and resilience are associated with well-being in young adult college students
Published in Journal of American College Health, 2023
Kimberly R. Hartson, Lynne A. Hall, Sara A. Choate
High levels of stress and stressors during this developmental transition into adulthood are of critical importance as evidence suggests that life stressors are inversely related to psychological well-being among undergraduate students.9 The body has amazing adaptation responses to stress that can be helpful in emergent situations; however, chronic stress can have detrimental effects on the mind and body. The potential effects of chronic stress include conditions such as muscle tension, low back pain, chronic fatigue, and headaches as well as increased inflammatory processes and risk for heart disease, hypertension, depression, and stroke.10 Although stress and stressors are often unavoidable, certain factors may influence how stress affects our health and well-being.
Dysfunction of the stress response in individuals with persistent post-concussion symptoms: a scoping review
Published in Physical Therapy Reviews, 2022
Gerard Farrell, Sizhong Wang, Cathy Chapple, Ewan Kennedy, Angela Spontelli Gisselman, Kesava Sampath, Chad Cook, Steve Tumilty
The stress response consists of central and peripheral elements [16–18]. The peripheral elements consist of interrelated components from the ANS and hypothalamic pituitary adrenal-axis (HPA-axis) [16–18]. For the purpose of this review, when we mention ‘stress response’, we will be referring to the peripheral elements of the stress response. Following exposure to a stressor, the stress response coordinates actions between the ANS and HPA-axis to return the body to homeostasis [19]. Complex behavioural and physiological changes are mediated by the fast acting but short duration ANS response, and then the slower acting but longer duration HPA-axis response [20]. An acute stress response is adaptive and necessary for survival [20]. However, a chronic stress response is counter-productive and may lead to a vast array of physical, behavioural and/or neuropsychiatric signs and symptoms such as hypertension, executive or cognitive dysfunction, depression, or fatigue [19, 21]. Many of the symptoms displayed in a chronic stress response are common in those with PPCS [22]. It is therefore plausible, with concussion as the initial stressor, that a dysfunctional stress response may result. The consequence of this would be failure to cope with even minor psychological or physical stress post injury, which could contribute to the development and maintenance of persistent symptoms.
PLC, PTH and NF-κB increased during orthodontic bone remodeling in chronic stress rats
Published in Stress, 2022
Li Xiaotong, Yu Jiazhi, Li Xiaoguang, Zhao Gang
Chronic stress refers to a series of a number of nonspecific reactions induced by the body (human or animal) under different stimuli (single or combined) such as changes in the living environment, social factors and alterations in the psychological state (Braceland, 1976). Stress is an inevitable part of life. Chronic stress caused by conditions such as adversity, depression, anxiety or loneliness can significantly endanger human health (Papaghiuc et al., 2005). In daily life, people will inevitably be often exposed to a state of psychological stress. Mild stress after a short time of stimulation or correct psychological counseling will not have a significant impact on the body, but high intensity and long-term stress can cause substantial damage to the body (Qin et al., 2014). Worldwide, the incidence of depression caused by chronic stress is reported to be approximately 19% (Yang et al., 2017).