China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Child and adolescent psychiatry
Published in Ben Green, Problem-based Psychiatry, 2018
First line treatments for childhood depression include: tricyclic antidepressantselectroconvulsive therapyindividual psychotherapyfamily therapygroup therapy
Poverty and child health in developed countries
Published in Nick Spencer, Sir Donald Acheson, Poverty and Child Health, 2018
Nick Spencer, Sir Donald Acheson
Recent evidence from Canada105 and the UK118 demonstrates a steep negative gradient in a range of behaviour problems by income (see Figure 6.9). Enuresis, one of the most common behavioural and developmental problems of childhood, is linked with low socio-economic status.119 Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), an increasingly recognised and diagnosed problem of childhood, has been linked to low income,120 as have DSM-IITR psychiatric disorders.121Parker and co-workers characterised the process by which poor children suffer a higher prevalence of behavioural and developmental problems as ‘double jeopardy’: first, poor children are more likely to be exposed to risk factors which are positively correlated with adverse outcomes, and second, the effects of these risk factors tend to be greater than they are for non-poor children.122 One of these major risk factors is maternal depression, which is closely correlated with SES.105 Maternal depression has been linked with, among others, FTT in infancy, sleep problems, childhood depression and withdrawn and defiant behaviour in adolescence.122,123
Can Physical Activity Prevent or Treat Clinical Depression? 1
Published in Henning Budde, Mirko Wegner, The Exercise Effect on Mental Health, 2018
Nanette Mutrie, Katie Richards, Stephen Lawrie, Gillian Mead
Another new and timely area of interest is the idea that childhood depression may increase the risk of adult weight gain and obesity (Hasler et al. 2005). Given that childhood depression is treatable and given the worldwide concern about obesity levels, this association needs further study. These connections between negative emotion and various diseases suggest an increased role for activity since it may provide a means of improving positive emotions in those who are at risk of disease because of poor mental health.
Development, preliminary validation and reliability testing of SEDA – Self-Efficacy in Daily Activities for children with pain
Published in Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 2022
Sara Frygner-Holm, Helena Igelström, Ingrid Demmelmaier
Low self-efficacy may lead to symptoms of depression and anxiety (Bandura, 1997) and therefore these factors could have been important to assess. Both anxiety and depression are common in children experiencing chronic pain (Campo et al., 2004; Dufton, Dunn, and Compas, 2009; Kashikar-Zuck et al., 2008; Tran et al., 2016), and Bandura, Pastorelli, Barbaranelli, and Caprara (1999) demonstrated that low self-efficacy could be seen as an antecedent of childhood depression. Anxiety and depressive symptoms have been reported to correlate with low general self-efficacy (Carpino et al., 2014; Muris, 2002; Tahmassian and Jalali Moghadam, 2011). However, it is not clear whether high levels of depression and anxiety lead to low self-efficacy or if low self-efficacy results in high levels of depression and anxiety, since these studies do not allow for causal interpretations.
Disordered Eating Attitudes and Behaviors in Maltreated Children and Adolescents Receiving Forensic Assessment in a Child Advocacy Center
Published in Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 2020
Timothy D. Brewerton, M. Elizabeth Ralston, Michelle Dean, Sarah Hand, Lisa Hand
All of these children and adolescents were invited to complete the following questionnaires as part of their assessment of disordered eating and traumatic stress: 1) Kids’ Eating Disorders Survey (KEDS) (Childress, et al., 1993; Childress, Jarrell et al., 1993), p. 2) Eating Disorders Inventory for Children (EDI-C) (Garner, 1991; Thurfjell et al., 2003), p. 3) Trauma Symptom Checklist for Children (TSC-C) (Briere, 1996), p. 4) Childhood Depression Inventory (CDI) (Kovacs,, 1992), and, p. 5) Adolescent Dissociative Experiences Scale (A-DES) (age ≥11 years only) (Smith & Carlson, 1996). For all children assessed aged 8 years and above, a non-offending parent or guardian was also asked to complete the following instruments: 1) Child Dissociative Checklist (CDC) (Putnam et al., 1993), and, p. 2) Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL): Parent Form (Achenbach & Edelbrock, 1981). Scoring for each instrument was conducted according to established and published procedures or protocols. In order to establish a more global measure of ED-related symptomatology, a mean of all EDI-C subscale scores (DT = drive for thinness, BUL = bulimia, BD = body dissatisfaction, INEF = ineffectiveness, PERF = perfectionism, IPD = interpersonal distrust, IA = interoceptive awareness, MF = maturity fears, ASC = asceticism, SI = social insecurity) was calculated, which we called the EDI-C mean. Similarly, we calculated the mean of all TSC-C subscale scores (ANG = anger; ANX = anxiety; DEP = depression; PTSD = posttraumatic stress disorder; DIS = dissociation, SC = sexual concerns) as a global measure of trauma-related symptomatology.
Psychotropic medications for highly vulnerable children
Published in Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy, 2018
Jennifer L. McLaren, Erin R. Barnett, Milangel T. Concepcion Zayas, Jonathan Lichtenstein, Stephanie C. Acquilano, Lisa M. Schwartz, Steven Woloshin, Robert E. Drake
Serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) show a small-to-medium effect in reducing childhood anxiety (SSRIs> SNRIs). SSRIs and SNRIs have an even smaller to no effect on childhood depression. Stimulants have a moderate effect on decreasing ADHD and a moderate-to-large effect in decreasing aggression, oppositional behavior and conduct problems in children with ADHD. Second-generation antipsychotics (particularly risperidone) show a moderate-to-large effect in decreasing irritability, disruptive behaviors and aggression in children with and without autism spectrum disorders and developmental disabilities for short-term treatment. The evidence to evaluate efficacy and harm of psychotropic medication in children with PTSD is insufficient.