China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Case-Based Differential Diagnostic Mental Health Evaluation for Adults
Published in Kunsook S. Bernstein, Robert Kaplan, Psychiatric Mental Health Assessment and Diagnosis of Adults for Advanced Practice Mental Health Nurses, 2023
Kunsook S. Bernstein, Robert Kaplan
Diagnostic recording: Bipolar II disorder is coded with its status with current severity (mild, moderate, or severe), the presence of psychotic features, its course, and other specifiers. It should be recorded in the following order: Bipolar II disorder, most recent episode between hypomanic and depressed, in partial or full remission (if indicated), with specifiers between anxious distress and mixed features (details of the descriptions of severity, type of current and recent episodes, and specifiers can be found in the DSM-5, pages 134–135).
Psychiatric Disorders
Published in Walter F. Stanaszek, Mary J. Stanaszek, Robert J. Holt, Steven Strauss, Understanding Medical Terms, 2020
Walter F. Stanaszek, Mary J. Stanaszek, Robert J. Holt, Steven Strauss
The two major mood disorders are major depressive disorder and bipolar I disorder (formerly manic-depressive disorder). Disorders related to depression include dysthymic disorder, minor depressive disorder, recurrent brief depressive disorder, and premenstrual dysphoric disorder. Related to bipolar I disorder is bipolar II disorder (recurrent major depressive episodes with hypomania) and cyclothymic disorder.
Antimanic Drugs
Published in Sahab Uddin, Rashid Mamunur, Advances in Neuropharmacology, 2020
Aman Upaganlawar, Abdulla Sherikar, Chandrashekhar Upasani
Bipolar I disorder is defined by existence of more than one manic episode, whereas bipolar II disorder involves hypomanic episodes and major depression. Bipolar I patients may experience both mania and hypomania along with major depressive disorders conversely, bipolar II patients experience only hypomania and key depressive attacks (Dennis et al., 2005). The bipolar II disorder involves the lack of the complete criterion for mania and the essential persistent depression is differentiated by attacks of miner stimulation and elevated power (hypomania). Less severe mood swings with numerous periods of highs and lows is not a mania or major depression but it is diagnosed as a cyclothymic disorder. The cyclothymic syndrome is highlighted with many short duration hypomanic periods and irregular gathering of depressive symptoms. It takes at least 2 years for the detection of severe mood fluctuations (Dennis et al., 2005).
Managing bipolar disorder during pregnancy and the postpartum period: a critical review of current practice
Published in Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics, 2020
Verinder Sharma, Priya Sharma, Sapna Sharma
Lithium is the most studied drug in the prevention of bipolar mood and psychotic episodes in the postpartum period. In contrast, there is a paucity of data on lamotrigine and atypical neuroleptics. In one study, olanzapine used alone or in combination with other psychotropic drugs was effective in the prevention of postpartum mood episodes [64]. A single-blind nonrandomized trial of valproate in women with bipolar disorder did not find the medication was significantly more effective than clinical monitoring alone for the prevention of postpartum episodes [65]. A meta-analysis by Wesseloo et al. found that women without drug treatment during pregnancy had a postpartum relapse rate of 66% compared with 23% for women with prophylaxis [66]. There was no differential in the relapse risk between women with bipolar I and II disorders; however, a study from the United Kingdom found a higher risk of relapse in women with bipolar I disorder compared with bipolar II disorder [8].
Bipolar depression: the clinical characteristics and unmet needs of a complex disorder
Published in Current Medical Research and Opinion, 2019
Roger S. McIntyre, Joseph R. Calabrese
Bipolar disorder is a chronic and complex mood disorder that is characterized by an admixture of manic (bipolar mania), hypomanic and depressive (bipolar depression) episodes, with significant subsyndromal symptoms that commonly present between major mood episodes1. Ranked among the leading causes of worldwide disability2, bipolar I disorder has been consistently associated with significant medical and psychiatric comorbidity, premature mortality, high levels of functional disability and reduced quality of life3. The essential feature of bipolar I disorder requires the occurrence of at least one fully syndromal lifetime manic episode, although depressive episodes are common4. Bipolar II disorder requires the occurrence of at least one hypomanic episode and one major depressive episode; it is no longer considered a milder form of bipolar disorder as it is associated with considerable time spent depressed and with functional impairment that accompanies mood instability4. Bipolar disorder with mixed features is a complex presentation in which a mood episode from either the manic or depressive pole is complicated by the presence of subsyndromal but clinically significant symptoms from the opposite pole. Patients with bipolar depression have greater morbidity and mortality than patients with bipolar mania, with depressed patients having a higher risk of suicide, interepisode panic attack and psychosis5.
Neural correlates of response inhibition in patients with bipolar disorder during acute versus remitted phase
Published in The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry, 2019
Juliane Kopf, Stefan Glöckner, Martin Schecklmann, Thomas Dresler, Michael M. Plichta, Julia Veeh, Sarah Kittel-Schneider, Andreas Reif
Second, while the number of depressed patients in the study was reasonable, only 15 patients could be measured a second time owing to the difficulties commonly encountered in this type of longitudinal study, some patients moved away, others were not euthymic or had residual symptoms, medication changes occurred within the last 3 months before testing, and some patients just did not want to take part again This leads to a rather small sample, and since variance is high in imaging studies and effects sizes are rather small, it is possible that we have missed differences in activation due to the small sample size, especially for the contrast between depressed and remitted patients. Moreover, patients were diagnosed with both bipolar I and bipolar II disorder, which are argued to be different disorders and therefore should not be included in the same sample (Strakowski et al. 2012).