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Thinking Systematically for Enduring Family Change
Published in Marc H. Bornstein, Psychological Insights for Understanding COVID-19 and Families, Parents, and Children, 2020
Gregory M. Fosco, Brian Bumbarger, Katharine T. Bamberger
Alternative hypothesis testing is also an important direction for evaluating prevention programs. When prevention programs are evaluated within the theoretical framework from which they were developed, it is common to ignore other potential mechanisms that may also account for change. Suppose for a moment that a program was developed using a behavioral parent training approach for reducing child noncompliance, and that this program focused on parenting practices such as establishing clear expectations, positive reinforcement of appropriate behavior, and using effective consequences for misbehavior. One would expect that a study testing mediators of this parenting program would test an index of these key parenting practices learned during the program as the mechanism accounting for changes in children’s noncompliant behavior. However, an alternative hypothesis, drawing on a different theoretical model, might be that in the context of more consistent and effective parenting, parent – child bonding also improves. It is then plausible that parent–child bonding may be an alternative pathway by which the parenting program effects changes on noncompliance. However, neglecting to test such alternative hypotheses makes it more likely that findings will support the theory that guides the program, but only because other theories are not considered as alternatives.
General Principles of Clinical Psychopharmacology in Children and Adolescents
Published in Cathy Laver-Bradbury, Margaret J.J. Thompson, Christopher Gale, Christine M. Hooper, Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 2021
A typical example is represented by attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), for which there is evidence that: The pharmacological treatment is efficacious, based on data from double-blind randomised controlled trials (RCTs), on ADHD core symptoms, i.e. inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity (Cortese et al., 2018).Non-pharmacological treatments do not seem to be effective for ADHD core symptoms (Cortese et al., 2016; Cortese et al., 2015; Sonuga-Barke, 2013), but some of them, i.e. behavioural parent training programmes, are beneficial in domains related to ADHD, e.g. oppositional behaviours and conduct disorder (Daley et al., 2014).Pharmacological treatments are less efficacious for non-core symptoms, e.g. emotional dysregulation, than for core symptoms (Lenzi et al., 2018).Across different disorders, there will instances where: Non-pharmacological treatments are the first-line or only option, e.g. for core symptoms of ASD, for which there are no currently available medications, even though a number of drugs are currently under investigation (Hong et al., 2019).Pharmacological options are the first line, e.g. to control psychotic symptoms (McClellan et al., 2013).A combination of pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment is the most effective option, e.g. for severe depression (NICE, 2019).
A Systematic Narrative Review of Cognitive-behavioral Therapies with Asian American Youth
Published in Evidence-Based Practice in Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 2022
Rongyu Xin, Olivia M. Fitzpatrick, Patrick Ho Lam Lai, John R. Weisz, Maggi A. Price
Lau et al. (2011) evaluated a 14-session culturally-adapted parent training program with Chinese immigrant parents and their children exhibiting behavior problems. Several behavioral parent-training techniques were taught, such as praise, tangible rewards, effective commands, and ignoring misbehavior. Cognitive restructuring was also included and involved teaching parents to identify thoughts that contribute to maladaptive parenting techniques (e.g., punitive discipline), such as blaming their child for undesirable behavior, and replacing them with thoughts that contribute to more effective behavior management (e.g., non-blaming thoughts). Cultural adaptations included discussing cultural concerns about the skills (e.g., worry that praise will decrease children’s motivation to try hard) and tailoring reward systems to emphasize Asian values, such as filial piety. Relative to the waitlist group, families in the intervention group reported significant decreases in child externalizing and internalizing problems and increases in positive parenting behaviors (medium ESs; Table S8). These gains were maintained at the 6-month follow-up assessment.
Preliminary Findings from the Implementation of Behavioral Parent Training in a Partial Hospitalization Program
Published in Evidence-Based Practice in Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 2021
Mackenzie S. Sommerhalder, Jessie Schulman, Marco Grados, Carisa Parrish, Nancy Praglowski, Rick Ostrander, Jeff Garofano, Nicholas P. Seivert, Elizabeth K. Reynolds
In summary, there is limited research on outcomes of PHPs. Questions remain regarding necessary treatment components for favorable outcomes, including how to optimize parent involvement in treatment programming. Given the high probability for readmission in acute-care settings, identification of effective treatment components is sorely needed. There is growing consensus regarding the importance of parental participation in youth mental health treatment, with parent intervention associated with improvement in outcomes across diagnoses. Behavioral parent training (BPT) is an evidenced-based approach based on operant conditioning to target youth behavior through active skills training for parents. The present study examines the incremental impact of brief BPT within a PHP. Outcomes focus on patient utilization of emergency or acute psychiatric services following discharge.
Promoting Independent Sleep Onset in Young Children: Examination of the Excuse Me Drill
Published in Behavioral Sleep Medicine, 2020
Brett R. Kuhn, Zachary C. LaBrot, Ryan Ford, Brandy M. Roane
Participants included four children who were clinically referred to outpatient pediatric psychology clinics in a Midwestern US city. Two participants were recruited from a behavioral sleep medicine clinic specializing in the assessment and treatment of a variety of pediatric sleep concerns such as insomnia, sleep terrors/sleepwalking, anxiety disorders impacting sleep, and circadian rhythm disorders. One participant was recruited from an integrated primary care clinic which relies on behavioral parent training to help families address various behavioral health concerns such as ADHD, instructional noncompliance, tantrums, elimination problems, anxiety, and depression. The final participant was recruited from a medical center outpatient pediatric psychology clinic, which also addresses a broad spectrum of child behavioral health concerns.