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Antidepressant Drugs
Published in Sahab Uddin, Rashid Mamunur, Advances in Neuropharmacology, 2020
MAO metabolizes monoamines and therefore the inhibition of the enzyme MAO by MAOIs results in the increased levels of brain monoamines. MAO-A inhibitors are generally used in the treatment of depression but generally reserved for the patients of atypical depression or refractory cases or in the patients where the other antidepressants do not work well (McGrath et al., 1993; Stewart et al., 1997; Thase et al., 2001). The use of MAOIs proves fatal when consumed with the milk products (Cohen, 1997). Adverse effects may include orthostatic hypotension, insomnia, weight gain, edema, muscle pains, myoclonus, paresthesias, hepatotoxicity, etc. (Evans et al., 1982; Rabkin et al., 1984; Gomez-Gil et al., 1996; Fava, 2000; Robinson, 2002).
Herbs with Antidepressant Effects
Published in Scott Mendelson, Herbal Treatment of Major Depression, 2019
A 2014 study found curcumin to be effective in the treatment of MDD. After four weeks of treatment, curcumin was more effective than placebo in reducing symptoms of depression and anxiety as measured by the Inventory of Depressive Symptomology and Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory.12 A similar subsequent study confirmed those results, although patients suffering so-called atypical depression benefited the most. The study showed the combination of curcumin and saffron to be particularly effective.13
Disorders
Published in Jonathan P Rogers, Cheryl CY Leung, Timothy RJ Nicholson, Pocket Prescriber Psychiatry, 2019
Jonathan P Rogers, Cheryl CY Leung, Timothy RJ Nicholson
Depression may be categorised by severity based on number of symptoms, intensity and functional impairment. The following types of depression may also be considered: Melancholic depression: unreactive mood, diurnal variation (worse in morning), early morning wakening, psychomotor agitation/retardation, ↓wt/appetite.Atypical depression: mood reactivity, ↑wt/appetite, hypersomnia, leaden paralysis, fatigue. F > M.Psychotic depression: severe depression with hallucinations or delusions that are generally mood congruent.
Self-perceived rhythmicity in affective and cognitive functions is related to psychiatric symptoms in adolescents
Published in Chronobiology International, 2023
Ana Paula Francisco, Andre Comiran Tonon, Guilherme Rodriguez Amando, Maria Paz Hidalgo
Mood variation has been associated with atypical depression (Łojko and Rybakowski 2017) and increased severity of depression (Morris et al. 2007; Murray 2007; van Genugten et al. 2021) in prior studies in adults. Previous research conducted with 30 adolescents aged 13–17 with depression undergoing in-unit treatment in an urban psychiatric hospital, assessing their symptoms at 8:30 am, 12 pm, and 6:30 pm over a three-month period, did not find diurnal variation in their symptoms using the Adolescent Mood Scale (Costello et al. 1991). This prior study may not have detected the presence of perceived mood rhythmicity because assessments were only conducted at three different times during the day, since the researchers missed relevant nighttime values in this study. It is noteworthy that adolescents are more prone to report eveningness (Roenneberg et al. 2004), making nighttime assessment extremely relevant to assessment of mood rhythms.
Routinely accessible parameters of mineralocorticoid receptor function, depression subtypes and response prediction: a post-hoc analysis from the early medication change trial in major depressive disorder
Published in The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry, 2022
Jan Engelmann, Harald Murck, Stefanie Wagner, Lea Zillich, Fabian Streit, David P. Herzog, Dieter F. Braus, Andre Tadic, Klaus Lieb, Marianne B. Műller
The socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of patients were assessed relying on patients´ self-reports. Depression severity was assessed by the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD17; Hamilton 1960) and the Inventory of Depressive Symptoms (interview [IDS-C30]; self-rating [IDS-SR30]) (Rush et al. 2000) in weekly intervals from baseline to week 8 by trained and blinded raters (Wagner et al. 2011). Melancholic depression was assessed by the German version of the M.I.N.I. International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI, Sheehan et al. 1998). Melancholic depression is characterised by loss of interest, bad mood, daily fluctuation of mood, waking up too early, feeling restless, and a negative view of the patient´s self. The atypical depression, assessed by the IDS clinician rating, exhibits symptoms like increased appetite, increased weight, extended sleep duration, loss of physical energy, increased interpersonal sensitivity and maintained mood responsiveness. Anxious depression was assessed by the HAMD17 single items: feeling anxious or tense, panic/phobic symptoms, bodily symptoms, constipation/diarrheal and hypochondriasis (Baumeister and Parker 2012).
Is postpartum depression a clinically useful concept?
Published in Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics, 2021
With the advent of antidepressant drugs in the 1950s, there was renewed interest in the nosology of PPD, particularly among women who were not ‘ill enough to be admitted to hospital’ [8]. In a seminal paper published in 1968, Bryce Pitt suggested that PPD should be viewed on a continuum between severe puerperal depression on the one hand and the commonly occurring baby blues on the other. He found that a large number of cases of PPD were characterized by ‘atypical’ symptoms, such as anxiety, phobias, and irritability or had symptoms that were the opposite of classical depression, e.g. reversed diurnality and early rather than late insomnia. According to Pitt, the atypical depression is more likely to be encountered in outpatient settings compared to the ‘severe puerperal depression.’ Over time, Pitt’s severity-based classification was neglected and the atypical variant per se became symbolic of PPD. With the publication of its fourth edition in 1996, the DSM first acknowledged that PPD can also occur as an episode of bipolar I disorder. The DSM-5 expanded the scope of the specifier to characterize cases of bipolar II depression. And for the first time the specifier could be used for mood episodes occurring during pregnancy. In spite of the ‘official’ recognition that a postpartum depressive episode can occur as part of major depressive disorder or bipolar disorder, the term PPD does not make a distinction between the two main subtypes of depression in the postpartum period.