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Life Effects of Narcolepsy: Measures of Negative Impact, Social Support, and Psychological Well-Being
Published in Meeta Goswami, Charles P. Pollak, Felissa L. Cohen, Michael J. Thorpy, Neil B. Kavey, Austin H. Kutscher, Jill C. Crabtree, Psychosocial Aspects of Narcolepsy, 2015
These individuals feel their situation is beyond the ability of their support system to comprehend. The failure to find a relationship between social support and any of the life-effect or affect measures suggests that social support, as a coping strategy for those aspects of their lives related to narcolepsy, is not available. It could be, however, that the negative life effects of narcolepsy are such that perceptions of social support are distorted. This would support Barrel's (1986) view that perceptions of social support decrease as life stresses increase. He also found that depression had a negative effect on perceived social support, and this was demonstrated by Procidano and Heller (1983). The depression evident in this sample may be adversely effecting their social support perceptions.
Structural Models for Comparing Dependent Means and Proportions
Published in Jason T. Newsom, Longitudinal Structural Equation Modeling, 2015
Comparison of three observed repeated measures was demonstrated using the positive affect measures over the first three waves from the social exchanges data set (N=574). Each measurement, separated by six months, was the average of the five items used in Example 3.1. The observed means of the composite measure were 3.034, 2.925, 2.825, suggesting a small decline in positive affect over time. The repeated measures ANOVA comparing the three means was significant with the univariate and multivariate tests, univariate F(2,572)=29.45, multivariate F(2,572)=30.14, Wilks's lambda=.905, indicating that the differences among the positive affect means was unlikely to be due to chance.
Practical Considerations for Fluid Replacement for Athletes with a Spinal Cord Injury
Published in Flavia Meyer, Zbigniew Szygula, Boguslaw Wilk, Fluid Balance, Hydration, and Athletic Performance, 2016
Victoria Goosey-Tolfrey, Thomas Paulson, Terri Graham-Paulson
The proceeding summary provides a practical overview of key considerations when implementing and assessing fluid replacement strategies in athletes with an SCI. This final section provides take home messages for practitioners working directly with athletes with an SCI in an applied setting. Close collaboration with medical practitioners and physicians is vital to understand an individual’s level and completeness of injury as well as commonly employed bladder and bowel management routines (e.g., indwelling or intermittent catheterization).Morning urine collections for the assessment of hydration status in athletes with tetraplegia may require assistance; decoloration of urine may represent presence of an underlying UTI and may affect measures of osmolality or urine-specific gravity. Collection must be made from the first morning void and not from urine collected in a night-bag.Sweat rates should be assessed on an individual basis and in ambient temperatures reflective of training and competition environments. Where a normal thermoregulatory response is present, traditional methods for determining sweat volume and composition should be employed. For athletes with a thermoregulatory impairment, pre- and post-exercise body mass weighing is an effective practice to indicate whether a state of euhydration is being maintained during a session. Catheters should be emptied prior to weighing and weight loss due to urinary output should be accounted for by weighing and reweighing after each void.• In athletes with impaired thermoregulation, rates of fluid consumption may be increased in order to offset increases in thermal strain when no cooling strategies are implemented. Attention should be given to the potential increased risk of autonomic dysreflexia via bladder distention and repeated rapid voiding. Conversely, if cooling methods are employed, lower perceptions of thirst and thermal strain may result in inadequate fluid replacement practices. Therefore, cooling methods and drinking strategies should be practiced in combination.The composition of fluid replacement drinks will vary depending on the demands of training and competition. Athletes with tetraplegia exhibit lower EEs in training than those with paraplegia, and therefore, nutrient needs should be managed on an athlete-to-athlete basis.Wheelchair seating position and the sports rules and/or fluid availability (endurance event or intermittent team sport) directly impact hydration behaviors with respect to access to toilet facilities, GI discomfort, and opportunity for fluid intake. Sport-specific practices must therefore be considered.
Do State and Trait Affect Measures Retain Their Measurement Properties during a Disaster? An Investigation of Measurement Invariance during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Published in Journal of Personality Assessment, 2023
Mariah T. Hawes, Thomas M. Olino, Daniel N. Klein
Depression and well-being measures were included to test changes in criterion validity of the affect measures during COVID-19, as both state and trait measures of affect are robustly associated with both (Houben et al., 2015). Depression and well-being were captured using their so-named subscales from the Inventory of Depression and Anxiety Symptoms – Second Version (IDAS-II; Watson et al., 2012). The IDAS-II is a self-report questionnaire assessing a broad range of symptoms of depression and anxiety and related constructs (e.g., mania) that has demonstrated good internal consistency and criterion validity in college and community samples (Watson et al., 2012). The depression subscale combines 20 items assessing common symptoms of depression (e.g., anhedonia, fatigue; alpha = .92), while the well-being subscale combines 8 items assessing indicators of high well-being (e.g., optimism, self-esteem; alpha = .85). The
Ripple effects of supervisor counterproductive work behavior directed at the organization: using affective events theory to predict subordinates’ decisions to enact CWB
Published in Human Performance, 2020
Clair A. Reynolds Kueny, Ellen Francka, Mindy K. Shoss, Lucille Headrick, Kaitlyn Erb
Finally, AET classifies employee affective dispositions as contributing factors to emotional reactions and affectively driven behaviors (Weiss & Cropanzano, 1996). Thus, we controlled for neuroticism and extraversion. As participants were already responding to several emotion items specific to each vignette, we decided to use extraversion and neuroticism as controls rather than traditional trait-affect measures. Extraversion is commonly recognized as the five-factor-model personality trait characterized by high PA and energetic tendencies, while neuroticism has been strongly linked to trait tendencies in NA (John, Naumann, & Soto, 2008). Notably, in line with McCrae and Costa’s (2008) five-factor-model of normal personality, we conceptualize neuroticism as the opposite pole of emotional stability and not as a clinical trait (Jones & Arnold, 2008). Each trait was measured using the IPIP-NEO-PI (Johnson, 2014). Internal consistency of the scores obtained for both traits was acceptable (α = .89 for neuroticism and α = .88 for extraversion).
Dispositional optimism and cognitive functioning following traumatic brain injury
Published in Brain Injury, 2019
Elsa Lee, Nimali Jayasinghe, Carly Swenson, Kristen Dams-O’Connor
Positive and negative affect were included as covariates due to their established relationship with both optimism (33) and cognitive functioning (34). The study employed a measure that integrates items from disparate studies and that has been used in previous research (35). The measure has six items pertaining to positive affect and six items pertaining to negative affect. Participants rate their past 30 days experience for each item on a 5-point Likert scale. Items were summed to obtain subscale scores. Sample items from the positive affect and negative affect measures are as follows: “During the past 30 days, how much of the time did you feel… Cheerful? Enthusiastic? Satisfied?” “During the past 30 days, how much of the time did you feel…Hopeless? Ashamed? Frustrated?..” The alphas for positive and negative affect scale for the current sample was .91, and .87 respectively.