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Biotechnological Studies of Medicinal Plants to Enhance Production of Secondary Metabolites under Environmental Pollution
Published in Azamal Husen, Environmental Pollution and Medicinal Plants, 2022
Several reports have suggested that biotic and abiotic stress conditions, such as temperature, cold, salinity, light intensity, microbial attack, and many more, can result in changes at the gene or protein level of affected plants, thus altering the metabolite pool of plants (Szathmáry et al. 2001; Loreto and Schnitzler 2010). This results in increased activity of enzymes that play an important role in the secondary metabolism in plants. For example, the enzyme activity of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and chalcone synthase (CHS) involved in flavonoid synthesis is affected during environmental stress. The synthesis of specific secondary metabolites in the plants is highly regulated and produced in either a tissue-specific or developmental phase-specific or environmental factor-specific or species-specific manner (Osbourn et al. 2003).
Environmental Factors Impacting Bioactive Metabolite Accumulation in Brazilian Medicinal Plants
Published in Luzia Valentina Modolo, Mary Ann Foglio, Brazilian Medicinal Plants, 2019
Camila Fernanda de Oliveira Junkes, Franciele Antonia Neis, Fernanda de Costa, Anna Carolina Alves Yendo, Arthur Germano Fett-Neto
In order to tolerate temperature variations, plants have developed adaptive mechanisms. These organisms can coordinate specific responses to the different components of abiotic stress, that include accumulation of sugar or compatible solutes, changes in membrane composition, synthesis of dehydrin-like proteins, synthesis of chaperones and increase of antioxidant capacity (Bita and Gerats, 2013). The response of the different classes of secondary metabolites is variable, depending on the magnitude of temperature variation, degree of exposure and species analyzed. In general, the production of volatile oils seems to increase at higher temperatures, although very hot days can lead to an excessive loss of these metabolites (Gobbo-Neto and Lopes, 2007). Total phenolic content in leaves of Lafoensia pacari A. St.-Hil. diminished in warmer months of the cerrado (Brazilian savannah), in part possibly due to photosynthetic limitations (Sampaio et al., 2011).
Neurotransmitters in Characean Electrical Signaling
Published in Akula Ramakrishna, Victoria V. Roshchina, Neurotransmitters in Plants, 2018
Vilma Kisnieriene, Indre Lapeikaite, Vilmantas Pupkis
The upregulation of some anti-stress genes (vs cold, drought, osmotic stress) in melatonin-treated plants, and the induction of endogenous melatonin by these stressors, has confirmed a central role for melatonin as a signaling molecule in abiotic stress. Notwithstanding, currently, no melatonin receptor(s) or binding site(s) have been identified in plants, and animal-like melatonin receptor sequences have not been found so far in plant genomes (Reiter et al. 2015). Alternatively, since melatonin has a similar structure to auxin, it could possibly interact with the auxin receptor. Membrane potential alterations could link abiotic stress and different regulatory targets and pathways.
Evaluation of mature miR398 family, expression analysis and the post-transcriptional regulation evidence in gamma-irradiated and nitrogen-stressed Medicago sativa seedlings
Published in International Journal of Radiation Biology, 2019
Mohammed Javed, Anshika Sinha, Lata Israni Shukla
The normal growth of sessile plants requires their sustenance under various biotic and abiotic stress which is associated with the formation of free radicals. The ionization radiation-induced responses in plants are an important area of research (Esnault et al. 2010). The increase in the damage caused by the radiation and formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) could be used to quantify the damage. The ROS-related enzymatic antioxidant responses include superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase, monodehydroascorbate reductase, dehydroascorbate reductase, glutathione reductase (GR) and catalase are also reported for radiation damage (Caverzan et al. 2016). Several environmental stress factors act simultaneously on plants causing an imbalance in the ROS production and its detoxification, leading to oxidative stress (Miller et al. 2010; Li et al. 2017). Biotic stress which includes interaction with microbes and other pathogens and abiotic stress such as nutrient stress, salt stress, drought stress, radiation stress often leads to oxidative burst (Zhu et al. 2011).
Rhizobacterial biofilm and plant growth promoting trait enhancement by organic acids and sugars
Published in Biofouling, 2020
Jishma Panichikkal, Radhakrishnan Edayileveetil Krishnankutty
Plant–microbe interactions generally involve multifaceted communications mediated by a complex web of signaling molecules, transcriptional networks and hormonal crosstalk (Cheng et al. 2019). The biochemical communication of plants with the soil microorganisms has been described as being initiated by the blend of chemicals present in the root exudates (Feng et al. 2018). Beneficial microorganisms which are consequently recruited on to the root surface by this process further support plant growth and resistance to biotic and abiotic stress (Mhlongo et al. 2018). These complex processes at the rhizosphere can be greatly mediated through biofilm formation. Although deeper insight into such processes is essential to enhance rhizobacterial functions, research on this topic is limited.
Phytochemical composition, cytotoxicity, antioxidant and antimicrobial responses of Lavandula dentata L. grown under different levels of heavy metals stress condition
Published in Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 2023
Souhila Terfi, Zineb Djerrad, Soumeya Krimat, Fatma Sadi
Stress in plants, which adversely affect metabolic process, growth and productivity of plants, refers to a wide range of environmental conditions, categorized as biotic and abiotic stress. The biotic stress includes the impact of various living organisms such as fungi, bacteria, virus, insects and herbivores, and the abiotic one includes radiation, salinity, scarcity of nutrients, CO2 concentration, floods, drought, extremes in temperature and heavy metals (Zhu 2002, Verma et al. 2013, Sah et al. 2016).