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Apiaceae Plants Growing in the East
Published in Mahendra Rai, Shandesh Bhattarai, Chistiane M. Feitosa, Ethnopharmacology of Wild Plants, 2021
Sherweit El-Ahmady, Nehal Ibrahim, Nermeen Farag, Sara Gabr
As in the case of essential oils, the small-fruited coriander (C. sativum, var. microcarpum) produces more oil. However, the content of petroselinic acid is higher in the large-fruited variety (C. sativum, var. vulgare) (Kiralan et al. 2009). Soil salinity does not encourage FA accumulation, especially the unsaturated FAs (Neffati and Marzouk 2008). On the other hand, the FA profile of coriander leaves was quite different. A high content of PUFA was observed with α-linolenic acid constituting 39.4–41.1% of total FAs. Other identified FAs in coriander leaves include linoleic, heptadecenoic and palmitic acids (Neffati and Marzouk 2008).
Cultivation of Muntries (Kunzea pomifera F. Muell.)
Published in Yasmina Sultanbawa, Fazal Sultanbawa, Australian Native Plants, 2017
The prostrate, low-growing habit makes muntries a good option for windy areas, as a ground cover, land reclamation or even commercial plantings; however, where trellises are used, wind tends to break stems. It is also tolerant to soil salinity, which makes it suitable for areas which are unsuitable for most horticultural crops. The variety, K. pomifera Rivoli Bay muntries, has been granted plant breeders’ rights (Plant Breeders’ Rights, 1999).
Potential of Syzygium cumini for Biocontrol and Phytoremediation
Published in K. N. Nair, The Genus Syzygium, 2017
S. K. Tewari, R. C. Nainwal, Devendra Singh
Plants have various adaptive mechanisms to strive and survive in stressful environments, such as high salinity, extreme heat, drought, and freezing temperatures. Modern environmental biotechnology researches are now focusing on such adaptive traits in plants and modifying these traits for developing ecofriendly and sustainable technologies to combat environmental pollution, ecosystem degradation, climate change, and other problems. Phytoremediators are plants that are used for cleaning up soil in contaminated areas. They not only function as salt tolerant, but also can reduce some of the negative effects of soil salinity and sodicity by working as ion accumulators or excretors, and tend to promote soil permeability. Combined with accurate water management strategies, they can also remove heavy metals, arsenic, lead, aluminum (Al), and many other toxic elements from the soil. A study revealed that high population density of monoculture plantations may increase the C and N contents, up to six times in surface soil (0.15 m) in eight-year-old plantations (Garg 1998; Garg and Jain 1992). The soil properties are largely influenced by the dynamics of litter and fine roots in forest ecosystems, and both fluxes are equally important. Litter performs a major role in soil fertility, and fine roots contribute substantially in improving soil structure, pH, resource acquisition, and water permeability (Singh 1996). Phytoremediation, often referred to as bioremediation, botanical bioremediation, or green remediation, is the use of plants to make contaminants nontoxic. Phytoremediation includes rhizofiltration (absorption, concentration, and precipitation of heavy metals by plant roots), phytoextraction (extraction and accumulation of contaminants in harvestable plant tissue such as roots and shoots), and phytostabilization (absorption and precipitation of contaminants by plants) (Miller 1996). Phytoremediation is characterized by the use of vegetative species for in situ treatment of land areas polluted by a variety of hazardous substances (Sykes et al. 1999). The ideal type of phytoremediator is a species that creates a large biomass, grows quickly, has an extensive root system, and must be easily cultivated and harvested (Clemens et al. 2002).
Geochemical assessment of groundwater contaminants and associated health risks in the Shivalik region of Punjab, India
Published in Toxin Reviews, 2021
Sunil Mittal, Ravishankar Kumar, Prafulla Kumar Sahoo, Sunil Kumar Sahoo
Irrigation water quality indices mainly depend upon soil salinity and sodicity, which can limit plant growth in irrigated agricultural land. The accumulation of soluble salts in the soil profile is termed as soil salinity. Whenever soluble salt concentration exceeds the crop tolerance limit, it poses adverse effect on crops. Soil sodicity is another major factor affected by salinity, which infers the soil physico-chemical properties of soil (Farahmand et al. 2011). Soil sodicity becomes effective whenever the exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) exceeds 15%. The Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR) estimates the degree of soil solidity (the relative amount of Na in comparison with Ca2+ and Mg2+ in transitional sites), as follows (Quirk 2001).
Toxic metals in agricultural soils near the industrial areas of Bangladesh: ecological and human health risk assessment
Published in Toxin Reviews, 2021
Tapos Kormoker, Ram Proshad, Saiful Islam, Saad Ahmed, Krishno Chandra, Minhaz Uddin, Mahfuzur Rahman
The physicochemical properties of soil in the study sites are presented in Table 1. The mean values of soil pH were obtained 7.41, 7.69, 8.45, 8.01, and 8.04 at Porahati, Udoipur, Lokhikol, Dhanharia, and Chourhas, respectively. The studied soils were slightly acidic to alkaline in nature which can be due to the decomposition of organic matter and subsequent formation of carbonic acid (Islam et al.2014). Higher soil acidity (lower pH values) favors the availability of cations in soil. Many metal complexes are insoluble under alkaline conditions and low pH also may lead to metals becoming unavailable to plants and therefore, less likely to be incorporated in plant tissues (Loska et al.2005). According to Soil Resources Development Institute (SRDI) soil salinity class, electrical conductivity (EC) value of the studied soil was nonsaline (0–2 dS/m) for all sampling sites which mean the salinity effect is negligible. The percentage of organic carbon in soils ranged from 0.17 to 5.41, 0.67 to 3.89, 0.52 to 1.55, and 0.55 to 4.59 at Porahati, Udoipur, Lokhikol, and Dhanharia sites of Jhenaidah district, respectively, and 0.21 to 4.55 at Chourhas site of Kushtia district (Table 1). The highest mean percentage value of organic carbon was observed in soil that collected from the Porahati site (1.87) and the lowest value observed in the Lokhikol site (1.22). High organic carbon content is an indication that metals are more likely to be bound to organic matter to form metal chelate complexes, and this would also result in less availability of metals to plants (Yap et al.2009, Islam et al.2014). According to the USDA soil texture classification, the textural analysis revealed that the studied soil silt and silty loam among the sites of the study area.
Evaluating the role of gamma irradiation to ameliorate salt stress in corn
Published in International Journal of Radiation Biology, 2023
Alireza Shaebani Monazam, Mohammad Ali Norouzian, Mehdi Behgar, Azam Borzouei, Hedayat Karimzadeh
Soil and water salinity are among the most critical problems of modern agriculture. Soil salinity occurs due to improper irrigation operations, as well as deforestation and destruction of natural vegetation, during the construction of new lands for agriculture (Flowers and Flowers 2005). In addition to 21% of agricultural land being naturally saline, another 19% have recently suffered from salinity (Chinnusamy et al. 2006). Therefore, applying appropriate strategies for minor damage to plants under salt stress is necessary.