China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Embryology, Anatomy, and Physiology of the Male Reproductive System
Published in Karl H. Pang, Nadir I. Osman, James W.F. Catto, Christopher R. Chapple, Basic Urological Sciences, 2021
SHBG levels increased (lowers bioavailable free testosterone) by:AgeingHepatic diseaseHyperthyroidismDrugs: anticonvulsants, oestrogensSmokingHIV infection
Epilepsy and sex hormones
Published in Barry G. Wren, Progress in the Management of the Menopause, 2020
In males, the lower free androgen levels due to raised SHBG levels may be associated with impotence and hyposexuality. In these men, therapy with testosterone and an aromatase inhibitor to block conversion to estrogen may be effective33.
Hair and Nails
Published in Keith Hopcroft, Vincent Forte, Symptom Sorter, 2020
SMALL PRINT: FSH/LH, other tests of endocrine function and specialised imaging techniques (for adrenal/pituitary disorders), urinary porphyrins. Serum testosterone and SHBG: Probably the most useful investigation. Mild elevation (up to three times the normal value) and normal or low SHBG suggests PCOS; testosterone levels above this indicate a possible tumour.FBC, U&E: Possible iron deficiency anaemia and electrolyte disturbance in anorexia; U&E may be deranged in adrenal disorders.FSH/LH and TFT: The former may help to confirm menopause and may point towards PCOS (elevated LH, normal FSH); the latter reveals hypothyroidism.Other tests of endocrine function and imaging techniques: To investigate possible adrenal and pituitary disorders (usually undertaken in secondary care).Pelvic ultrasound: Multiple ovarian cysts characteristic of PCOS; may also reveal ovarian tumour.Urinary porphyrins: For porphyria.
An evaluation of the available pharmacotherapy for the treatment of hirsutism
Published in Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy, 2023
Leila Asfour, Ahmed Kazmi, Rodney Sinclair
Summary of current testing guidelines as per the Endocrine Society [48]: Test androgen levels in all women presenting with hirsutism. We recommend obtaining the free androgen index, which is a ratio between Sex Hormone Binding Globulin (SHBG) and total testosterone. SHBG can be reduced in patients with obesity and/or hyperinsulinism.We suggest screening hyperandrogenemic women for Non-Classical Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (NCCAH) by measuring early morning 17-hydroxyprogesterone levels in the follicular phase or on a random day for those with amenorrhea or infrequent menses. In hirsute patients with a high risk of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (positive family history, member of a high-risk ethnic group), we suggest this screening even if serum total and free testosterone are normal.Avoid testing androgens in eumenorrheic women with unwanted local hair growth and normal hirsutism score.
The effects of long-term testosterone treatment on endocrine parameters in hypogonadal men: 12-year data from a prospective controlled registry study
Published in The Aging Male, 2022
Aksam Yassin, Farid Saad, Mustafa Alwani, Omar M. Aboumarzouk, Raed M. Al-Zoubi, Joanne Nettleship, Daniel Kelly, Abdulla Al-Ansari
Following TTh, we observed an increase in TT from 7.74 ± 2.14 nmol/L at baseline to within a range of 17 to 23 nmol/L (p < 0.0001), with a mean of 22.83 ± 2.34 nmol/L indicating an average increase of 15.5 nmol/L. Serum TT increased significantly in the first two years of the treatment, after which a steady state was reached (Figure 1A). Furthermore, in the group of patients that had their treatment interrupted, a temporary reduction in baseline levels in TT was observed (data reported elsewhere [18]). From pre-treatment levels of 36.68 ± 22.45 nmol/L, SHBG levels declined steadily upon TU administration to a level of 29.91 ± 9.17 nmol/L at the 12-year follow-up (p < 0.0001; Figure 1B). Free T significantly increased in the first two years of the treatment, after which a steady state was reached (Figure 1C). Furthermore, in the group of patients that had their treatment interrupted, a temporary reduction in baseline levels in free T was observed (data reported elsewhere [16]).
The association between serum sex hormone-binding globulin changes during progestin-primed ovarian stimulation and embryo outcomes: a retrospective cohort study
Published in Gynecological Endocrinology, 2022
Kai Deng, Kui Fu, Yueyue Hu, Ying Zhang, Changjun Zhang
SHBG, a homodimer glycoprotein, primarily binds steroid hormones such as testosterone and estradiol, regulates their biological availability in plasma and reduces the hormone metabolic clearance rate [10]. SHBG is secreted primarily by the liver, but it is also synthesized by other tissues, such as the human ovary, testis, uterus, prostate, breast, and brain. SHBG production in hepatocytes and serum SHBG levels regulate mainly the HNF-4α gene [11]. Daulat et al. found that HNF-4α may be involved in regulating the metabolism of follicles in cows [12], maintaining the normal function of mitochondria, providing energy for the development of oocytes and embryos, and ensuring the completion of fertilization and embryonic development. They also demonstrated that the HNF-4α downstream target genes TTR and PPL were upregulated with FSH co-stimulation and that the TTR and PPL genes play an active role in ovarian follicle development [12]. Therefore, we speculate that there is a relationship between SHBG and oocyte quality.