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Pericardium
Published in Mary N. Sheppard, Practical Cardiovascular Pathology, 2022
Found between the outer and inner serous layers is the pericardial cavity, which contains a small amount of lubricating serous fluid. The serous fluid serves to minimize the friction generated by the heart as it contracts.
Complications of open aortofemoral bypass
Published in Sachinder Singh Hans, Mark F. Conrad, Vascular and Endovascular Complications, 2021
The most common complication is a seroma/lymphocele, which are terms often used interchangeably in both definition and treatment paradigm, though there is a slight difference. A seroma occurs when there is dead space and/or a reaction to a foreign body, such as the graft. The inflammatory response within the surrounding tissues leads to a transudate of serous fluid, which has a straw-colored appearance and consistency to similar pleural or peritoneal fluid. A lymphocele occurs specifically when lymphatic channels are not appropriately ligated or cauterized during dissection of the groin, resulting in a nonepithelialized collection of lymph. Clinically they can appear the same—a soft, ballotable bulge in the groin, usually without overlying skin changes. This can easily be distinguished from a hematoma as the hematoma appears more heterogeneous and dense on imaging, whereas a lymphocele or seroma appears cystic. A lymphatic fistula can develop if the lymphocele develops a cutaneous communication, manifesting as the drainage of crystal clear fluid from a small sinus, usually in the incision. The amount of fluid can be voluminous or only a few drops expressed with movement or manipulation depending on the size of the draining lymphatic channels.
Malignant Solitary Fibrous Tumor of the Pleura Associated with a Paraneoplastic Hypoglycemia
Published in Wickii T. Vigneswaran, Thoracic Surgery, 2019
Evgeny V. Arshava, Adnan Al Ayoubi, Kalpaj R. Parekh
The thoracentesis yielded 700 mL of serous fluid, which was negative for malignant cells on cytology. Percutaneous needle biopsy on pathology was interpreted as an epithelioid to spindle cell neoplasm consistent with solitary fibrous tumor (SFT). Immunohistochemical stains of the neoplastic cells were strongly positive for STAT6, BCL2, beta-catenin, and vimentin expression. Stains were negative for CK-OSCAR, EMA, S100, CD34, TLE-1, actin, and calretinin.
Lung, Liver and Skin Changes in an Infant with Positive Methamphetamine
Published in Fetal and Pediatric Pathology, 2023
Kunasilan Subramaniam, Hilma bt. Hazmi, Yong Swee Guan, Khairul Anuar bin Zainun
Post mortem examination showed an extensive erythematosus rash involving his lips, left ear, around his neck, extensor surface of his upper limbs and lower limbs, both antecubital fossa, bilateral axillae, inguinal, perineal, gluteal and lower back regions (Fig. 1). He was pale and dehydrated, but there were no visible injuries on his body. He was small for his age. His crown heel length was 61 cm (-3SD), his head circumference was 38 cm (<3rd centile), and he weighed 4650 g (<3SD). On the internal examination, the skin showed translucency due to loss of subcutaneous tissues. The chest cavities contained minimal serous fluid. His right lung weighed 41 g and left lung weighed 33 g (normal weight for lungs combined: 99.7–176 grams). The thymus has involuted. The liver was fatty (Fig. 2). Histologically, the lungs showed fibrinoid necrosis of arterial walls (Fig. 3), and pulmonary congestion, but no hemorrhage. No fibroid necrosis was apparent in other organs. The liver showed predominantly diffuse macrovesicular fatty changes (Fig. 4). Brain sections showed no edema or encephalitis. The histology section of the skin taken from the erythematosus area showed epidermal pallor, parakeratosis, and keratinocyte necrolysis. There was no inflammatory cells infiltration in the epidermis or dermis.
Adult-onset bestrophinopathy mistaken as central serous chorioretinopathy
Published in Ophthalmic Genetics, 2022
Central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR) is a common retinal cause of decreased vision in young and middle-aged men (1). CSCR is characterized by localized neurosensory detachment of the posterior pole in the setting of a thick choroid with or without an associated retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) detachment and in the absence of secondary cause (e.g., inflammation, infection, malignancy, choroidal neovascularization) (1). Middle-aged men are most commonly affected. Both corticosteroid use and endogenous hypercortisolism are risk factors. Visual complaints occur when subretinal serous fluid accumulates near the fovea. CSCR can be self-limited, recurrent, multifocal, or chronic. Management options include observation, focal laser treatment, and photodynamic therapy (1). Oral mineralcorticoid antagonists have been suggested to be of benefit but were not superior to placebo in a randomized controlled trial (2). Chronic CSCR can be complicated by choroidal neovascularization, for which intravitreal injection of pharmacologic anti-angiogenic therapy may be indicated. CSCR is not considered a Mendelian genetic eye disease, although certain variants may be more associated with the phenotype (1).
Beneficial impact of microwave ablation-assisted laparoscopic hepatectomy in cirrhotic hepatocellular carcinoma patients: a propensity score matching analysis
Published in International Journal of Hyperthermia, 2019
Tianqiang Jin, Xiaolin Liu, Chaoliu Dai, Changjun Jia, Songlin Peng, Yang Zhao, Chao Wang, Heyue Zhang, Feng Xu
On postoperative days 1, 3, 5 and 7, all patients underwent routine blood tests and liver function tests. Abdominal drainage was removed when serous fluid (i.e., thin and clear serum) without bile was observed. Ultrasound imaging or CT scans were performed before discharge. Following discharge, all patients were regularly followed up using the same oncological protocol. In particular, serum AFP levels and contrast-enhanced CT scans and/or MRI scans were investigated at 2 months postoperatively, then every 2–3 months thereafter. Hepatic recurrence was identified if tumor re-growth along the margin of resection or/and anywhere in the liver was detected by either CT or MRI. The OS time is defined as the elapsed interval from the initial liver resection to death or the last visit to the outpatient clinic (October 2017).