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Naturopathic Medicine and the Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease
Published in Stephen T. Sinatra, Mark C. Houston, Nutritional and Integrative Strategies in Cardiovascular Medicine, 2022
One of the keys to eating a diet high in antioxidant activity is focusing on flavonoids, a type of plant pigment and a member of the larger polyphenol family. As a class of compounds, flavonoids are often called “nature’s biological response modifiers” because of their anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, antiviral, and anticancer properties. Many of the super foods like cacao, acai, goji, blueberries, etc. owe their benefits to their flavonoid content. While different flavonoids have different effects in the body, the key factor may not be a high intake of any one particular flavonoid, but rather a high total flavonoid intake that also provides a high variety of flavonoids rather than any one particular flavonoid class. There are more than 8,000 different types of flavonoids out there in nature.
Nano Delivery of Antiviral Plant Bioactives as Cancer Therapeutics
Published in Devarajan Thangadurai, Saher Islam, Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji, Viral and Antiviral Nanomaterials, 2022
Haripriya Shanmugam, Badma Priya, Manickam Senguttuvan Swetha, Janani Semalaiyappan
Carotenoids are plant pigments with more than 750 different members and are highly important to sustain normal human metabolism. They are not produced in animal systems, so humans predominantly depend on plant sources for carotenoids. Carotenoids exhibit anti-oxidant properties, pro-oxidant properties, anti-mutagenic activities, and anti-tumour activities (Krinsky and Johnson 2005; Nisar et al. 2015).
Plant Source Foods
Published in Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy, Food and Lifestyle in Health and Disease, 2022
Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy
The main plant pigments in leaves, flowers, fruits, and vegetables include chlorophylls, carotenoids, flavonoids, anthocyanins, and betalains (20, 22). All biological pigments selectively absorb certain wavelengths of sunlight while reflecting others, giving different colors to different parts of plants (22). The principal colors of these pigments are green, orange, yellow, red, blue, and violet, though brown and black are also present in some fruits, seeds, and leaves. However, in fruits and vegetables, colors derived from these natural pigments can change as the plant proceeds through maturation and ripening.
Application of the Mannich reaction in the structural modification of natural products
Published in Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry, 2023
Miao-Xia Pu, Hong-Yan Guo, Zhe-Shan Quan, Xiaoting Li, Qing-Kun Shen
Hesperidin is a bioflavonoid and plant pigment with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects that is found primarily in citrus fruits. Duan et al.52 used hesperidin as a lead compound and obtained compounds 39 and 40 (Figure 3) through hydrolysis, dehydrogenation, regioselective O-methylation, and base-catalysed ring-opening reactions (Table 2). Eleven new hesperidin Mannich base derivatives were synthesised by introducing secondary amines at the C-3′ position of compound 39 and the C-6 position of compound 40 through the Mannich reaction. The AChE inhibitory activities of the synthesised compounds were also evaluated. Among them, compound 41 (Figure 3) with the introduction of a diethylamine group had the strongest inhibitory activity on AChE with an IC50 of 0.54 µmol·L−1, which was 2.5-fold that the positive control drug neoeserine methyl sulphate (IC50 = 1.38 µM). Therefore, compound 41 has the potential for further study.
Biogenic zinc oxide nanoparticles-enhanced biosynthesis of lignans and neolignans in cell suspension cultures of Linum usitatissimum L
Published in Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, 2019
Bilal Haider Abbasi, Adnan Zahir, Waqar Ahmad, Muhammad Nadeem, Nathalie Giglioli-Guivarc’h, Christophe Hano
Physiological responses are the first key changes, which occur when plants are exposed to elements of diverse nature. NPs trigger plant physiological response in both positive and negative ways [17,18], primarily depending on the concentration of NPs and plant species [19,20]. Generally, application of NPs in lower concentrations has been found promoting plant growth and secondary metabolites production [21]. We observed the positive impacts of ZnO-NPs on biomass accumulation in Linum usitatissimum derived cell suspension cultures, as we obtained maximum fresh weight, 412.16 g/l—on day 35 after initial culturing when cell suspension cultures were repeatedly elicited on day 0 and 15—(Figure 2) and dry weight, 13.53 g/l—on day 30 after initial culturing when cell suspension cultures were repeatedly elicited on day 0 and 25—(Figure 3), respectively. Our observations are in accordance with the current perspective on using ZnO-NPs as a potential nanofertilizer, which is gaining wide acceptance because of the increasing reports on their positive impacts on plant growth [22,23]. These reports described the growth promoting effects of ZnO-NPs as a result of effective physiological changes including regulation of plant pigments directly associated with biomass buildup such as chlorophyll and carotenoids [24,25]; increase in nutrients uptake efficiency [26], upregulation of antioxidant metabolism [27] and most important, the involvement of zinc as an essential micronutrient in the metabolism of different plant biomolecules [28].
Lutein/zeaxanthin intake and visual outcomes in adults with healthy eyes: Qualitative gap analysis
Published in Cogent Medicine, 2019
Gowri Raman, Danielle Haslam, Esther Avendano, Elizabeth J. Johnson
Lutein and zeaxanthin are plant pigments common to the diet and are believed to be important for eye health. The purpose of this paper was to summarize the research related to lutein/zeaxanthin intake and vision in healthy adults. After reviewing the scientific literature, visual outcomes in studies evaluating lutein/zeaxanthin intake and vision, included visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, glare sensitivity, and photo-stress recovery. The most common visual outcome was macular pigment density, a non-invasive measure of lutein/zeaxanthin levels in the retina. We conclude that there is sufficient research for further study evaluating the role of lutein/zeaxanthin and visual outcomes in healthy eyes. Of interest would be a systematic review of the studies that evaluated both macular pigment density and visual function to determine the strength of the relationship between these two visual outcomes. A strong relationship would support a role for these dietary components in maintaining eye health.