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Anti-Cancer Agents from Natural Sources
Published in Rohit Dutt, Anil K. Sharma, Raj K. Keservani, Vandana Garg, Promising Drug Molecules of Natural Origin, 2020
Debasish Bandyopadhyay, Felipe Gonzalez
Ellagic acid (EA) has demonstrated enough evidences that support its neoplastic efficiency. EA showed (Cheng et al., 2017) its ability of preventing cell proliferation in drug-resistant PANC-1 (pancreatic carcinoma) with an IC50 about 5 μg/ml. PANC-1 cells were carefully chosen due to there are highly drug-resistant characteristics. Additionally, EA inhibited cellular migration of PANC-1 cells, preventing invasion and metastasis. In vivo study in nude mice with transplanted xenograft of PANC-1was reported to reveal EA’s potential to inhibit growth in a relatively more complex system. No levels of EA toxicity were found. EA successfully enhanced mice survival rate as dosage increased. EA altered or modified the G1 phase, promoting inhibition of PANC-1 cells. Furthermore, EA reduced inflammation factors that lead to epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) which is associated with the tumor’s widening and metastasis. The outcome of this research helped to judge EA’s antineoplastic ability for various other cancers.
Recent Progress in Cancer Thermal Therapy Using Gold Nanoparticles *
Published in Valerio Voliani, Nanomaterials and Neoplasms, 2021
Nardine S. Abadeer, Catherine J. Murphy
Researchers have explored RF heating of gold nanoparticles for thermal therapy of cancer in vitro in a variety of cancer cell lines. All the following in vitro and in vivo reports mentioned here are summarized in Table 3.1. Cardinal et al. [60] were some of the first to report effective cancer treatment. Citrate gold nanospheres (15 nm) were incubated with HepG2 hepatocarcinoma cells and exposed to RF fields (13.56 MHz, 35 W, 3–7 min). This resulted in 35% cell death after 3 min, 60% cell death after 5 min, and 80% cell death after 7 min [60]. Glazer et al. [61] reported that the success of RF heating (13.56 MHz, 200 S, 10–15 kV/m, 5 min) with anti-EGFR functionalized gold nanoparticles (20 nm) was surface chemistry dependent. A 61% decrease in viability of Panc-1 (a pancreatic cancer cell line that overexpresses EGFR) was observed compared to a 6.3% decrease with Cama-1, which did not express EGFR. This suggested that internalization of nanoparticles into cancer cells was critical to successful RF thermal therapy [61]. The aggregation state of gold nanoparticles was investigated in 2012 by Rao of et al. [62]. They prepared anti-EGFR gold nanospheres (10 nm) to be internalized into endosomes of SNU-449 liver cancer cells. Due to the decrease in endosomal pH to 5.5, intracellular aggregation occurred, which was attributed to removal of the antibody at lower pH. However, the authors were able to prevent nanoparticle aggregation in some cells with the addition of Concanamycin A, which blocked acidification of cell vesicles. RF exposure (13.56 MHz, 600 W, 12.4 kV/m, 9 min) resulted in 40% cell death of aggregated nanoparticles and 55% cell death of nonaggregated nanoparticles. A significant decrease in nanoparticle heating rate and increase in viability of SNU-449 was observed between nonaggregated and aggregated gold nanoparticles. This suggested that nanoparticle aggregation state affected the RF absorption cross section and cancer therapy outcomes [62].
Deep-tissue localization of magnetic field hyperthermia using pulse sequencing
Published in International Journal of Hyperthermia, 2021
Felista L. Tansi, Wisdom O. Maduabuchi, Melanie Hirsch, Paul Southern, Simon Hattersley, Rainer Quaas, Ulf Teichgräber, Quentin A. Pankhurst, Ingrid Hilger
Orthotopic pancreatic tumor models of PANC-1 cells were propagated by surgical means. For this, fluorescent PANC-1 (2 × 106) cells were suspended in 2% Matrigel™ in PBS and injected into the pancreas. The localization of the orthotopic tumor within the pancreas was substantiated by ultrasound imaging (Vevo700, FUJIFILM Visualsonics Inc.) and by histopathology on excised organs stained with hematoxylin/eosin (Supplementary Figure 1). Tumor volumes were assessed regularly via ultrasound. All animal experimentation was carried out in accordance with the international guidelines on the ethical use of animals, and they were approved by the regional animal care committee (Thüringer Landesamt für Verbraucherschutz, Bad Langensalza, Germany). Eight- and 10-weeks old female nude mice (Rj:Athym-Foxn1nu/nu, Janvier, Germany) were used. Animals were maintained under artificial day–night cycles (14 h/10 h light–dark cycles; 25 °C room temperature) and received food and water ad libitum.
HIF1α-siRNA and gemcitabine combination-based GE-11 peptide antibody-targeted nanomedicine for enhanced therapeutic efficacy in pancreatic cancers
Published in Journal of Drug Targeting, 2019
Chengjie Lin, Zhigao Hu, Guandou Yuan, Huizhao Su, Yonglian Zeng, Zhenya Guo, Fudi Zhong, Keqing Jiang, Songqing He
The anticancer effect of individual formulations on Panc-1 cells was further confirmed by live/dead assay. Calcein AM was used to stain the live cells and produce green fluorescence while ethidium bromide stains the dead cells and produce red fluorescence. Live/dead staining showed a lower number of green fluorescence in GE-GML/siRNA treated cells compared to that of free GEM or GML (Figure S3). Consistent with the MTT assay, untreated cells showed high green fluorescence while the fluorescence intensity remarkably reduces after the conjugation of GE11 peptide to the GML. The siRNA containing formulations showed the excellent anticancer effect. The enhanced anticancer effect was the result of combination of gene silencing effect of siRNA and enhanced cellular uptake of actively targeted liposome that would increase the intracellular concentrations.
Modulation of VDR and Cell Cycle-Related Proteins by Vitamin D in Normal Pancreatic Cells and Poorly Differentiated Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer Cells
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2019
Lei Li, Feifei Shang, Yadong Zhu, Yanfu Sun, Radha Sharan Sudi
The normal human pancreatic ductal cell line HPDE6-C7 was obtained from the BNCC cell bank (http://www.bncc.org.cn) and the human pancreatic ductal carcinoma cell line Panc-1, which originated from the American Tissue Type Culture Collection (ATCC), was obtained from Enogne (www.enogne.com). Panc-1 is an advanced cancer cell line derived from a poorly differentiated metastatic tissue source and is resistant to most treatments. The cells were cultured in a constant temperature and humidity incubator containing 5% CO2 at 37 °C. The complete cell culture medium was RPMl-l640, complemented with 5% fetal bovine serum (Gibco, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) and 50 U/ml penicillin-streptomycin. The cells grew in a monolayer attached to the culture flask. Cells were subcultured every 3–5 days.