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Virus-Based Nanocarriers for Targeted Drug Delivery
Published in Devarajan Thangadurai, Saher Islam, Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji, Viral and Antiviral Nanomaterials, 2022
Semra Akgönüllü, Monireh Bakhshpour, Yeşeren Saylan, Adil Denizli
Natural polymers, including albumin, heparin, and chitosan, have been used for protein, oligonucleotides, and DNA, as well as drug delivery in medical applications. Many synthetic polymers, including poly-L-glutamic acid, polystyrene-maleic anhydride copolymer, polyethylene glycol, and N-(2-hydroxypropyl)-methacrylamide copolymers, have also been used in drug-delivery applications (Cho et al. 2008). The drug can be conjugated to the polymer with a covalent bond or physically entrapped in the polymer. Both synthetic polymers (Afrooz et al. 2017), as well as natural polymers, have been utilised for nanoparticle preparation.
siRNA Delivery for Therapeutic Applications Using Nanoparticles
Published in Yashwant Pathak, Gene Delivery, 2022
Polymers are available from two different sources: natural and synthetic. The most commonly used natural polymers is chitosan (CS), poly(lactic acid-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA), atelocollagen, inulin. CS is a linear, natural, cationic, FDA (Food and Drug Administration) approved polysaccharide (a long chain of monosaccharide carbohydrate) composed of β-(1→4)-linked d-glucosamine (deacetylated unit) and N-acetyl-d-glucosamine (acetylated unit) after being deacetylated from chitin.[17].
Bio-Implants Derived from Biocompatible and Biodegradable Biopolymeric Materials
Published in P. Mereena Luke, K. R. Dhanya, Didier Rouxel, Nandakumar Kalarikkal, Sabu Thomas, Advanced Studies in Experimental and Clinical Medicine, 2021
Advanced researches are being conducted polymeric biomaterials from various disciplines of polymer chemistry, materials science, biomedical engineering, surface chemistry, biophysics, and biology. In the past few years, polymer-based biomaterial technologies are coming to the commercial applications at a very rapid pace. Polylactic acid (PLA) the most widely used synthetic polymer which introduced by Biscnoff and Walden in 1893 [7]. These are highly biocompatible, with controlled degradation rate and degrade into toxic-free components like CO2 and water. They are used for biomedical applications, like natural polymers, polysaccharides or proteins, and synthetic polymers.
In vivo assessment of bone repair by an injectable nanocomposite scaffold for local co-delivery of autologous platelet-rich plasma and calcitonin in a rat model
Published in Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 2022
Saeedeh Ahmadipour, Jaleh Varshosaz, Batool Hashemibeni, Maziar Manshaei, Leila Safaeian
Many types of artificial and natural polymer substances have been used as scaffolds for tissue regeneration. Gellan gum is a water-soluble natural polysaccharide obtained from the bacterium Sphingomonas elodea with carboxylic acid functional groups. The backbone of this polymer consists of a tetrasaccharide repeating unit comprising two residues of D-glucose and a D-glucuronic acid and L-rhamnose. It is widely used as a food additive, cosmetic and pharmaceutical excipient with different roles like thickener, emulsifier, and stabilizer. A small number of articles have been reported on the pharmacology of materials, such as gellan gum hydrogels. Sebria et al. [6] reported that hydrogel of gellan gum exhibited a slight antibacterial property toward Staphylococcus aureus with inhibition zone measured. During the time of implantation, the hydrogels of gellan gum-methacrylated and photo-crosslinked gellan gum-methacrylated could control the invasion of blood vessels and infiltration of endothelial cells [7].
Recent advancements in cellulose-based biomaterials for management of infected wounds
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery, 2021
Munira Momin, Varsha Mishra, Sankalp Gharat, Abdelwahab Omri
Synthetic polymers are widely used as a material for wound dressing owing to their ease of manufacture and high availability. Advanced dressings are usually made of polymeric materials, which can provide a suitable wound environment and also serve as a carrier for drug delivery. Synthetic Polymers like poly(vinyl pyrrolidone), poly(lactide-co-glycolide), poly(hydroxyalkyl methacrylates), and poly(vinyl alcohol) are frequently employed in wound dressing [78]. In the case of synthetic polymers, poor biocompatibility and release of acidic degradation product (Dicarboxylic acid monomers) due to hydrolysis can be an issue. Moreover, natural polymers are similar to human ECM and are thus readily recognized and accepted by the body. They have many benefits, including natural abundance, apparent ease of isolation and scope for chemical alteration to suit technical needs [79]. These properties make natural polymers preferable over synthetic polymers.
Formulation, characterization, and cellular toxicity assessment of tamoxifen-loaded silk fibroin nanoparticles in breast cancer
Published in Drug Delivery, 2021
Afrasim Moin, Shahid Ud Din Wani, Riyaz Ali Osmani, Amr S. Abu Lila, El-Sayed Khafagy, Hany H. Arab, Hosahalli V. Gangadharappa, Ahmed N. Allam
One of the most significant considerations in the manufacture of pharmaceutical formulations is the stability of polymeric materials. While, due to their biocompatibility and biodegradability, natural polymers are preferred to their synthetic alternatives for clinical applications, they must still follow stability standards to be eligible for use in the pharmaceutical industry. Consequently, stability studies for TC-SF-NPs were carried out for 3 months according to ICH guidelines and the obtained data are summarized in Table 2. Slight increase in particle size and zeta potential of the prepared TC-SF-NPs was observed at the end of three months at all storage conditions. In addition, there were only 3% difference in the percentage drug release after exposing the NPs at 40 ± 2 °C and 75 ± 5% RH. Furthermore, there was negligible change in drug content at accelerated temperature when compared to the long term or refrigeration. From the results, it was confirmed that TC-SF-NPs are fairly stable at different storage conditions.