China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
An Overview of COVID-19 Treatment
Published in Hanadi Talal Ahmedah, Muhammad Riaz, Sagheer Ahmed, Marius Alexandru Moga, The Covid-19 Pandemic, 2023
Saffora Riaz, Farkhanda Manzoor, Dou Deqiang, Najmur Rahman
The mesenchymal stem cell can be used in treatment. Moreover, thought to be utilized as they can apply to fix the damaged lung tissues has no apoptotic alleviating effect and remove the alveolar fluid by propelling [71]. In different countries such as China and Sweden applicability of therapy by stem cells is under trial. It can decrease the hyperactivity of CD4+ T and CD8+ T cells and suppress the IL-10. After stem cell therapy, lungs become impenetrable to SARS-CoV-2 and have a high relieving effect [72, 73].
The Emerging Role of Exosome Nanoparticles in Regenerative Medicine
Published in Harishkumar Madhyastha, Durgesh Nandini Chauhan, Nanopharmaceuticals in Regenerative Medicine, 2022
Zahra Sadat Hashemi, Mahlegha Ghavami, Saeed Khalili, Seyed Morteza Naghib
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have already been extensively applied for cell therapy in the clinic (Ghorbanzade et al. 2020). They are safe and effective for migration to damaged tissue sites with inflammation. Their therapeutic effects are aligned with production of trophic factors and homing efficiency, which are correlated by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), chemokines, and adhesion molecules such as related trafficking molecules. Due to their multi-potency and high potential for differentiation in tissue engineering application, they are contemplated as amenable candidates for MSC-mediated clinical trials (Li et al. 2019). Furthermore, MSCs are capable of releasing several anti-inflammatory factors including IL-10and TGF-β to suppress the immune responses of dendritic cells (DCs), B cells, T cells, macrophages, and natural killer (NK) cells. Therefore, they could play a significant role in the mechanisms of immunomodulation (Putra et al. 2018).
Can we accelerate the osteoporotic bone fracture healing response?
Published in Peter V. Giannoudis, Thomas A. Einhorn, Surgical and Medical Treatment of Osteoporosis, 2020
Martijn van Griensven, Elizabeth Rosado Balmayor
In the field of regeneration, mesenchymal stem cells play an important role. They can be obtained autologously and are thereby in most countries a feasible means for therapy. It has been clinically proven that mesenchymal stem cells may have beneficial effects in pathologies such as graft-versus-host disease, myocardial infarction, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, osteogenesis imperfecta, and Crohn fistula (12–16). The two main sources that are clinically used for obtaining mesenchymal stem cells are bone marrow and adipose tissue. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells have been claimed to be the gold standard for regeneration in the musculoskeletal field. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells can be isolated from bone marrow aspirates using gradient centrifugation. They have a relatively high frequency in the bone marrow (17). Semiclosed centrifuges with gradients or ultraviolet light spectroscopy are available for use in the operating room. In the case of osteoporotic patients, attention needs to be given to the fact that the quality of mesenchymal stem cells that can be isolated diminishes with the age of the patient (18).
Cross talk between exosomes and pancreatic β-cells in diabetes
Published in Archives of Physiology and Biochemistry, 2022
Mesenchymal stem cells are a type of pluripotent stem cells that have the potential for proliferation and renewal and multi-directional differentiation (Phinney and Pittenger 2017). MSCs have shown excellent therapeutic potential in a variety of animal disease models. Previously, it was thought that the strong tissue repair ability of stem cells came from its differentiation ability (Squillaro et al.2016). However, recent studies have found that the process of repairing tissues is achieved through paracrine actions, and exosomes are one of the main factors of paracrine signalling (S. Zhang et al.2018). Analysis of MSC-derived exosomes (MSC-exo) in animal inflammation models shows that MSC-exos have immunoregulatory and tissue repair functions (Lai et al.2010, Lee et al.2013, Doeppner et al.2015).
The Effect of Adipose Derived Stromal Vascular Fraction on Flap Viability in Experimental Diabetes Mellitus and Chronic Renal Disease
Published in Journal of Investigative Surgery, 2022
Burak Özkan, Atilla Adnan Eyüboğlu, Aysen Terzi, Eda Özturan Özer, Burak Ergün Tatar, Cagri A. Uysal
Although mesenchymal stem cells are found in various tissues; bone marrow and adipose tissue are the most researched tissues [8, 32]. Stem cells harvested from adipose tissue have shown the ability of differentiation in a similar way to their bone marrow analogues [33–36]. Uysal et. al compared the effects of stem cells from bone marrow and adipose tissue, reporting that increase in capillary density was more profound in stem cells from adipose tissue origin [13]. Thus, we aimed to use adipose tissue as a source for stem cells. Clinical implication of mesenchymal stem cells have still strict restrictions [37]. Therefore, we preferred stromal vascular fraction which is a rich source of mesenchymal stem cells [19]. SVF was group specific, was harvested and transplanted to the same group in our study; with the aim of investigating the effects of SVF under hyperglycemic and uremic conditions.
Platelet-derived respiratory-competent mitochondria transfer to mesenchymal stem cells to promote wound healing via metabolic reprogramming
Published in Platelets, 2022
Enlin Chen, Zhe Chen, Linxi Chen, Xiaoling Hu
Mesenchymal stem cells are pluripotent stem cells that are widely distributed in the body, have a strong proliferation potential, and can undergo large-scale expansion in vitro. MSCs play a role in promoting healing by releasing a series of soluble factors, including growth factors, cytokines, microvesicles, and exosomes. These factors with cytoprotective, pro-angiogenic, and anti-inflammatory properties can promote the revascularization of damaged tissues [13,14]. After damaged somatic cell-derived mitochondria encounter MSCs, they act as a danger-signals to trigger the anti-apoptotic function of MSCs through the cytoprotective enzyme HO-1, thus, enhancing the mitochondrial activity of MSCs [7]. This suggests that MSCs can communicate with their microenvironment through a two-way exchange of mitochondria.