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Case 3.11
Published in Monica Fawzy, Plastic Surgery Vivas for the FRCS(Plast), 2023
Matrix metalloproteinases are enzymes that degrade extracellular protein:their inhibition is implicated in excessive scarring, andtheir overstimulation is implicated in chronic wounds.
The Emerging Role of Exosome Nanoparticles in Regenerative Medicine
Published in Harishkumar Madhyastha, Durgesh Nandini Chauhan, Nanopharmaceuticals in Regenerative Medicine, 2022
Zahra Sadat Hashemi, Mahlegha Ghavami, Saeed Khalili, Seyed Morteza Naghib
The therapeutic efficiency of MSC-EVs is hampered by their quick elimination after systemic administration. A hydrogel slow-released system was developed to prolong the EVs retention and maintain their stability. A designed matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP2) sensitive self-assembling peptide (KMP2) hydrogel loaded EVs was exploited to deliver locally in mice with renal IRI. The MSC-EVs-loaded KMP2 hydrogel exerted cell apoptosis, inflammation, and angiogenesis effects due to its biologically compatible and nanosize characteristics. These properties promote the microvascular endothelial cell regeneration after IRI (Zhou et al. 2019). Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are zinc end peptidases that act on the degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins involved in tissue remodelling (Kunugi et al. 2011). MMP-cleavable peptides have been applied in the production of MMP-degradable biomaterial for drug release and tissue repair (Wang et al. 2018b).
Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Bioactive Compounds from Medicinal Plants
Published in Hafiz Ansar Rasul Suleria, Megh R. Goyal, Health Benefits of Secondary Phytocompounds from Plant and Marine Sources, 2021
Muhammad Imran, Abdur Rauf, Anees Ahmed Khalil, Saud Bawazeer, Seema Patel, Zafar Ali Shah
In ovariectomy (OVX) rats, curcumin, and tetrahydrocurcumin (THC) have revealed alike effectiveness for skin tail temperature, while THC prohibited glucose intolerance involved in aggravating osteoarthritis. Both these experimented components helped in protection from symptoms of osteoarthritis and behavior related to pain more compared to 17β-estradiol treatment in estrogen-deficient rats. Along with this, they preserved lean body mass; and fat mass was reduced equal to that of 17β-estradiol treatment. Symptoms of osteoarthritis were improved due to reduced expressions of MMP3, MMP13, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and matrix metalloproteinases genes in the articular cartilage [59].
TIMP1 and TIMP3 circulating levels and promoter polymorphisms in breast cancer
Published in British Journal of Biomedical Science, 2021
S Balkhi, F Mashayekhi, A Salehzadeh, H Saeidi Saedi
Breast cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers and the second cause of cancer-related deaths among women. Both the cancer-related deaths and cancer incidence rates are rising globally, and a major aetiology is genetics and gene polymorphisms [1,2]. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) degrade the extracellular matrix, and their relationship with cancer invasion and metastasis has been demonstrated in numerous studies. MMPs can be activated by proteinase cleavage, and their activities are regulated by endogenous tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs). The balance between MMPs/TIMPs is important in the regulation of the basement membrane and extracellular matrix turnover. Losing this balance may lead to diseases as a result of unrestrained extracellular matrix function, cell migration, growth, and inflammation. Changes in the gene polymorphism and the expression of MMPs or TIMPs may be involved in different kinds of cancers including breast cancer [3–5].
The effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester on retina in a diabetic rat model
Published in Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology, 2021
Alparslan Şahin, Savaş Kaya, Mukadder Baylan
Matrix metalloproteinases are important markers of diseases characterized by inflammation, oxidative stress, and tissue damage36,37. Clinical and experimental studies have shown increased expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in diabetes patients38,39. MMP-9 is a marker of inflammatory cells and macrophages, while MMP-2 is a marker of active fibroblasts and is observed in the late phase of inflammation40. In diabetes, inflammation of the tissues can be observed, albeit at low levels41. However, in our study, we found MMP-2 and MMP-9 levels comparable in all groups. We suggest that the duration of diabetes is not long enough to affect the MMP levels. Besides, it has been reported that the serum MMP-2 levels are decreased, especially in case of diabetic ketoacidosis42. In another recent study, Ali et al. reported that MMP-2 expression decreased in the sciatic nerve in the diabetic rat model43. Since the fibroblastic activity in diabetes is mostly observed in the advanced stages of diabetes, the low levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in our study may be due to the short duration of DM model.
Anxiogenic-like effect of chronic lipopolysaccharide is associated with increased expression of matrix metalloproteinase 9 in the rat amygdala
Published in Stress, 2020
Galina T. Shishkina, Anita V. Bannova, Natalya P. Komysheva, Nikolay N. Dygalo
Among the proposed pathways of the influence of the inflammatory agents on behaviors are the changes in expression of neurotrophic and apoptotic regulators however supporting in vivo evidence for this is still insufficient. Reported LPS effects on brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) that plays an important role in the survival and growth of neurons are conflicting and ranged from the decrease (Ma et al., 2017; Golia et al., 2019) to no alteration (Shaw et al., 2001) or even increase (Miwa et al., 1997) in the neurotrophin expression. LPS can induce apoptosis partly by decreasing the expression of anti-apoptotic proteins in the cortex and hippocampus (Khan et al., 2017). However, in another study, the expression of anti-apoptotic factor Bcl-xL was increased in the hippocampus of LPS-treated animals (Dang et al., 2018). Finally, structural brain abnormalities observed in patients with inflammatory illness (Shoemaker et al., 2014) indicate a possible role of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) especially MMP-9 that is involved in the degradation of extracellular matrix and pathogenesis of neuroinflammatory diseases (Könnecke & Bechmann, 2013). LPS can enhance the expression of MMP-9 in the rat brain astrocytes (Yang et al., 2019).