China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Endothelial Cell Signaling During Wound Healing
Published in John J. Lemasters, Constance Oliver, Cell Biology of Trauma, 2020
Data from in vitro models have demonstrated that endothelial wound healing is an integrated process of cell proliferation and cell migration.9 Centrosomes and microtubule organizing centers undergo redistribution,10,11 and both microtubules and microfilaments play important roles in cell spreading and movement during wound closure.11,12 This complex response is modulated by a large array of substances, including growth factors, chemotactic peptides, inflammatory cytokines, and extracellular cations. Insulin-like growth factor 1, platelet-derived growth factor, acidic and basic fibroblast growth factors, and scatter factor (hepatocyte growth factor) all stimulate endothelial cell migratory responses.13–17 Inflammatory cytokines, including interleukins 1, 6, and 8, tumor necrosis factor-α, and transforming growth factor-β, have also been demonstrated to increase endothelial cell motility.18–22 Extracellular magnesium in physiologic concentrations inhibits endothelial motility, whereas abnormally high concentrations are stimulatory.23
Methods to Study the Vasculature in ADPKD
Published in Jinghua Hu, Yong Yu, Polycystic Kidney Disease, 2019
Patricia Outeda, Terry Watnick
The wound-healing assay is a simple and economical method broadly used in many disciplines to study in vitro two-dimensional cell migration.138 The assay can be performed in standard well plates (from 12- to 96-well plates) by simply scratching a cell monolayer using a pipette tip as shown in Figure 7.6a.139,140 The cell-free gap induces directional cell migration, and by capturing images of migrating cells at fixed time intervals, the speed at which the wound is closed can be measured.141 The investigator can manipulate gene expression, extracellular matrix composition or other variables to investigate the mechanisms involved in cell migration. Appropriate controls should be performed and analyzed in parallel.142,143 A number of factors should be considered and controlled to maximize reproducibility, including consistently sizing the width/depth of the pipette wound and maintaining a constant cell density between experimental conditions and controls.144
Microalgae and Cyanobacteria as a Potential Source of Anticancer Compounds
Published in Gokare A. Ravishankar, Ranga Rao Ambati, Handbook of Algal Technologies and Phytochemicals, 2019
There have been several reports on the anticancer effect of ATX against breast cancer based on both cell and animal models. For instance, McCall et al. (2018) demonstrated that treatment of ATX significantly reduced proliferation rates and inhibited breast cancer cell migration compared to the control normal breast epithelial cells. Inhibition of cancer cell migration is desirable as this would reduce the number of metastases formed. In addition, feeding of ATX was found to delay tumor growth and modulated immune response in a mouse cancer model (Nakao et al. 2010). The plasma levels of ATX as well as natural killer-cell subpopulation and plasma interferon-γ increased in mice that were fed ATX. However, the increase was only observed when ATX was given before tumor initiation, suggesting that an adequate blood ATX status is required to protect against tumor initiation. In another study, Yuri et al. (2016) compared the anticancer effects of ATX and canthaxanthin (CTX) in N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU)-induced mammary cancer in a rat model. Feeding of ATX (0.4% diet) but not CTX reduced the incidence of palpable mammary carcinoma in the experimental animals. The study further showed that changes in adiponectin might be involved in the mechanism of action.
Ficus carica extract impregnated amphiphilic polymer scaffold for diabetic wound tissue regenerations
Published in Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, 2021
Jia Feng, Yu Niu, Yi Zhang, Hong Zuo, Shujin Wang, Xufeng Liu
Cell migration and proliferation play a vital role in wound healing processes. The influence of the non-adhering dressing on wound healing was determined using the in vitro scratch wound assay [5] in diabetic wounded cell models (Figure 8). In vitro wound closure was investigated at control, 24, 48 and 72 h post-injury and treatment with 100 μg/mL of PXAG, PXAG-PHB and PXAG-PHB/FFE scaffold. The PXAG-PHB/FFE scaffold treated diabetic wounded cells demonstrate complete closure throughout 72 h compared with control cells. Likewise, the migration of diabetic injured cells treated with the PXAG-PHB/FFE scaffold significantly increased at 48 and 72 h (as indicated by arrows). During wound regeneration, cell movement is significant for injury reconstruction and the later restoring stages. In this way, studying wound cell migration influenced by PXAG-PHB/FFE scaffold may assist with focussing on treatments for improved wound regeneration [24]. Goorani et al. studied the Anethum graveolens aqueous extract ointment could significantly reduce the levels of the lymphocyte, total cell, wound area and enhance the levels of hexosamine, hydroxyproline, wound contracture and fibrocyte as compared with the basal ointment and control groups [48]. Ponrasu and Suguna reported Annona squamosa L extract to COL and glycosaminoglycans formation during wound healing [49].
Antimetastatic Properties of Tea Polyphenols
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2020
Cell motility and migration is essential for organogenesis; however, when regulation fails, it may result in metastasis. Loss of epithelial characteristics (apical– basal polarity, differentiated, organized) and gaining mesenchymal-like cell phenotype are required for the acquisition of motility. It is suggested that the detachment and escaping of cells from the primary tumor mimics the developmental process known as epithelial–mesenchymal transition. An EMT is characterized by loss of cell-junction proteins, e.g., epithelial E-cadherin, an increased expression of mesenchymal markers, such as N-cadherin, vimentin intermediate filaments and fibronectin, loss of cell polarity, and gaining a spindle-shaped form (11,35). E- to N-cadherin expression is known as cadherin-switch that leads to enhanced motility (35). Besides increasing cell motility, EMT also helps to maintain a stem cell property, in suppressing apoptosis, senescence, immune reactions, and to acquire resistance to chemo- and radiotherapy (33). EMT in metastatic cells, however, is transitional (1). EMT is reversed and cells regain epithelial characteristics before they settle down at secondary sites. This phenomenon is known as mesenchymal–epithelial transition (MET). Invasion of metastatic cells occurs through the ECM by different mechanisms. They move either as single cell via mesenchymal cell migration or ameboid cell migration, or move collectively as epithelial sheet.
Low intensity pulsed ultrasound promotes the migration of bone marrow- derived mesenchymal stem cells via activating FAK-ERK1/2 signalling pathway
Published in Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, 2019
Junlin Chen, Jingwei Jiang, Wei Wang, Juan Qin, Jinyun Chen, Wenzhi Chen, Yan Wang
As we all known, cell migration, an important part of cell homing, is the movement of cells from source to the region where there is a requirement of response or action [12]. The effects on BMSCs homing will be improved when migration rate is increased. Recently, preconditioning strategies have provided new ideas for promoting homing of endogenous and exogenous mesenchymal stem cells [13]. Low intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) has been reported to promote the proliferation and differentiation of BMSCs and accelerate the repair of tissues [14–16]. We considered LIPUS can improve the BMSCs migration as same as accelerating the proliferation and differentiation of BMSCs. So, we designed the project to research the LIPUS effects on the BMSCs migration in vitro and in vivo, and the roles of functional genes involved in migration, FAK and ERK1/2 signalling pathways related to cell migration.