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Inflammatory Responses Acquired Following Environmental Exposures Are Involved in Pathogenesis of Musculoskeletal Pain
Published in Kohlstadt Ingrid, Cintron Kenneth, Metabolic Therapies in Orthopedics, Second Edition, 2018
Ritchie C. Shoemaker, James C. Ryan
To further confuse the issue of disc pain, look at comparisons of nucleus pulposus cells (NP) and articular chondrocytes in an animal model published by Ciu [33]. The cells look similar but gene profiling shows marked differences. Nucleus pulposus cells compared to chondrocytes are over-producers of MMP-2; MMP-14; ADAMS-1, -2, -17; as well as TIMP; but they are comparatively lower producers of MMP-1, -3, -7, -8, -10, -11, -13, -16, -19, -20, -21, -23, 24. 28; ADAMS-4, -5, -14, -18, -19; and TIMP-3. Chondrocytes expressed MMP-12 and MMP27, but NP cells did not. To confound these extraordinary results, we may ask what transcriptomic differences are created by being in cell culture instead of in vivo.
Comprehensive analysis of matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitors in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Published in Acta Oncologica, 2022
Mingyuan Zou, Chen Zhang, Yan Sun, Huina Wu, Feng Xiao, Wei Gao, Fengfeng Zhao, Xiaobo Fan, Guoqiu Wu
To understand the expression patterns of MMPs and TIMPs in HNSCC, we assessed the mRNA expression levels of MMPs and TIMPs in 500 HNSCC cancer tissues compared to those in 44 adjacent normal tissues. As shown in Figure 2(A) and Table S1, the heat map showed that the expression levels of MMP1, MMP3, MMP9, MMP10, MMP11, MMP12, and MMP13 in tumor tissues were significantly higher than those in normal tissues. The expression levels of MMP2, MMP14, and MMP28 were differentially expressed in both tumor and normal tissues. In contrast, the expression levels of MMP8, MMP16, MMP20, MMP21, MMP8, MMP16, MMP20, MMP21, MMP23A, MMP23B, and MMP26 were low or undetectable in both tumor and normal tissues. Regarding TIMPs, the heat map indicated that the expression levels of TIMP1 and TIMP2 were differentially expressed in both tumor and normal tissues, the expression level of TIMP3 was low in both tumor and normal tissues, and the expression level of TIMP4 appeared to be weaker in tumor tissue than in normal tissue. As shown in Table S1, when FDR ≤ 0.05 and log2FC ≥ 1 (upregulated) or log2FC≤ −1 (downregulated) were set as thresholds for DEGs, the expression levels of 17 of 24 MMPs, except MMP7, MMP15, MMP21, MMP23A, MMP24, MMP26, and MMP27, were upregulated in HNSCC cancer tissues compared to those in adjacent normal tissues. The expression levels of MMP27 were significantly downregulated in tumor tissues compared to those in normal tissues. However, none of the TIMPs were upregulated in HNSCC cancer tissues. In contrast, the expression levels of TIMP4 were downregulated in HNSCC cancer tissues compared to those in adjacent tissues. The above results suggested that most MMPs and TIMPs were highly expressed in HNSCC tissues compared to normal tissues.