China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Diabetes Mellitus, Obesity, Lipoprotein Disorders and other Metabolic Diseases
Published in John S. Axford, Chris A. O'Callaghan, Medicine for Finals and Beyond, 2023
Cholesterol and triglyceride are relatively insoluble in aqueous plasma and are transported in lipoproteins, which are multimolecular micelle-like particles (Figure 11.15). Insoluble cholesterol ester and triglyceride form a lipid droplet at the centre of the lipoprotein with more polar molecules such as free cholesterol, phospholipid and apoproteins on the surface, at the interface with plasma. Apoproteins have both structural roles and regulatory functions in lipoprotein metabolism (Table 11.19).
Cardiac Tumours
Published in Mary N. Sheppard, Practical Cardiovascular Pathology, 2022
Other malignant tumours can occur in the heart such as thymoma, liposarcoma and schwannoma. Liposarcomas arise in either atrium and the slimy cut surface may resemble myxomas. The tumour shows differentiation towards lipoblasts with many vacuolated cells containing lipid droplets. Areas of myxoid or spindle-cell differentiation are also present. These tumours are S-100 positive. Malignant schwannomas show a predominant pattern of neurofibrosarcomatous differentiation and express neural markers.
Biological reactions to reconstructive materials
Published in Steven J. Kronowitz, John R. Benson, Maurizio B. Nava, Oncoplastic and Reconstructive Management of the Breast, 2020
Steven J. Kronowitz, John R. Benson, Maurizio B. Nava
With increased dietary fat intake, the adipocyte converts circulating glucose into fatty acids and stores them as triglyceride in the lipid droplet. When dietary intake is low, the converse occurs, and stored triglyceride is broken down by hormone-sensitive lipases and released as fatty acids and glycerol.
Astrocytoma and glioblastoma IDH1-wildtype cells colonize tumor vessels and deploy vascular mimicry
Published in Ultrastructural Pathology, 2023
Haitham H. Maraqah, Mones S. Abu-Asab, Han Sung Lee, Orwa Aboud
As we have shown previously, lipid production is a salient feature of gliomas; lipid droplets and inclusions exist within tumor cells and the tumor microenvironment.22 Lipid production is related to the hypoxic nature of the tumor.23 Regarding gliomas tumor vessels, we have observed lipid inclusions within the layers of the VW and in the vessels’ lumina. We concluded that the lipid inclusions in the tumor vessels were secreted by the invading tumor cells. Lipids in gliomas pose a serious clinical challenge due to their impact on tumor resistance to therapy. Layers of lipids are barriers to chemotherapy because they limit the entry of non-lipophilic medications and may act as a sink to lipophilic drugs; thus, preventing the medications from reaching the tumor cells in an effective dosage. This tumor feature emphasizes the need for designing lipophilic drugs for gliomas in order to improve drug delivery to tumor cells and achieve treatment success. Also, reducing the amount of lipids in the vessels or the tumor mass could enhance drug delivery. Furthermore, lipid quantitation could be explored as a diagnostic analyte for disease progression or recurrence.
Esculin protects against methionine choline-deficient diet-induced non-alcoholic steatohepatitis by regulating the Sirt1/NF-
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2021
Xi-Ding Yang, Zhuo Chen, Ling Ye, Jing Chen, Yong-Yu Yang
NAFLD is the hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome and is often accompanied by hyperlipidaemia, insulin resistance, hyperlipidaemia, and obesity (Romero et al. 2020). NASH may progress to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, which lead to liver-related death (Ipsen et al. 2020). Many drugs administered to treat hyperlipidaemia and diabetes have a certain therapeutic effect on NASH (Kumar et al. 2020; Ozutsumi et al. 2020). Currently, some anti-NASH drugs are in phase 2 and phase 3 clinical trials. However, the effects of each drug on the histological improvement of NASH, including lipid accumulation, inflammation, and liver fibrosis, have not been satisfactory (Noureddin et al. 2020). Excessive formation of lipid droplets in liver cells is associated with increased lipid droplet synthesis, decreased lipid droplet metabolism and beta-oxidation of fatty-acid, or impaired TG secretion (Rong et al. 2015). FFA plays a major role in lipid droplet synthesis. Thus, reducing FFA synthesis or increasing the beta-oxidation of FFA may be a potential strategy for treating NASH. In this study, we demonstrated that esculin not only reduced the MCD diet-induced lipid accumulation in the liver, but also inhibited the levels of FASN, CD36, and ADRP expression in mice fed an MCD diet. These results suggest that esculin alleviated the MCD diet-induced lipid accumulation in the liver. Although the in vitro experiment demonstrated that esculin had no effect on FFA-induced lipid accumulation, it was found to have a significant protective effect against the expression of inflammatory factors and fibrotic factors.
Pasteurized Akkermansia muciniphila increases whole-body energy expenditure and fecal energy excretion in diet-induced obese mice
Published in Gut Microbes, 2020
Clara Depommier, Matthias Van Hul, Amandine Everard, Nathalie M. Delzenne, Willem M. De Vos, Patrice D. Cani
Lipid droplet surfaces are decorated by the presence of specific proteins that play important roles in the regulation of adipocyte metabolism, notably with regards to caloric input, storage, morphologic features, and energy demands.28 Consistent with this notion, we investigated whether pasteurized A. muciniphila might influence those lipid metabolism regulators in SAT and BAT. Perilipin1 expression was found to be similar between groups in both tissues. Since phosphorylation is known to be a strong inducer of perilipin1 cellular action, we also quantified phosphorylated-perilipin1 protein levels in SAT and found no major diet or treatment effect (Figure 4a,b). Whereas perilipin1 was found to be unaffected, a significant downregulation of perilipin2 was observed upon treatment in both tissues when compared to control (Figure 4a). As perilipin2 is ubiquitous, we also quantified its expression in muscles, as well as markers of oxidative metabolism. By using RT-qPCR, it was shown that perilipin2 expression was not altered either in the gastrocnemius or in the soleus. Moreover, markers of fatty acid oxidation were similar between groups (Sup Figure 2a–h). Finally, we noticed a diet-related downregulation of Cidec mRNA expression in BAT, which was partially counteracted by the treatment. Interestingly, this effect was not observed in the SAT (Figure 4a).